tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44254585077292558272024-02-08T04:35:53.533-08:00kardibina1gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-87069185078211684862013-09-27T22:06:00.003-07:002013-09-27T22:06:26.985-07:00What?Nothing to worry about..<br />
Nothing to think about..<br />
Let everything happen as it wanna..<br />
Later, you get waht you wanna get..<br />
God's with you...gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-18720071304335426272013-09-27T22:03:00.000-07:002013-09-27T22:03:57.538-07:00Nothing..Dear my friends,<br />
<br />
I am so sorry to have nothing so far... New news and information is invited.. TQ..gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-45187537511798585952013-03-26T18:59:00.000-07:002013-03-26T18:59:28.760-07:00STORY TELLING CONTEST FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2013
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 991px;"><col style="width: 32pt;" width="42"></col>
<col style="width: 44pt;" width="59"></col>
<col style="width: 158pt;" width="210"></col>
<col style="width: 109pt;" width="145"></col>
<col style="width: 75pt;" width="100"></col>
<col style="width: 126pt;" width="168"></col>
<col span="2" style="width: 49pt;" width="65"></col>
<col style="width: 37pt;" width="49"></col>
<col style="width: 66pt;" width="88"></col>
<tbody>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl98" colspan="9" height="21" style="height: 15.75pt; width: 679pt;" width="903">LOMBA MENDONGENG B.INGGRIS<span>
</span>SMP/MTS SE- KABUPATEN BLITAR</td>
<td style="width: 66pt;" width="88"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">
<td class="xl98" colspan="9" height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;">TAHUN PELAJARAN
2012/2013</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl99" height="40" rowspan="2" style="height: 30pt;">RANK</td>
<td class="xl65" style="border-left: medium none;">NOMOR</td>
<td class="xl95" rowspan="2">NAMA</td>
<td class="xl96" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 0.5pt solid black;">TMP/TGL LAHIR</td>
<td class="xl96" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 0.5pt solid black;">JENIS KELAMIN</td>
<td class="xl95" rowspan="2">ASAL SEKOLAH</td>
<td class="xl77" colspan="3" style="border-left: medium none;">SKOR</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none;">TOTAL</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl65" height="20" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">UNDIAN</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">JURI I</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">JURI II</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">JURI III</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SKOR</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">1</td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">2</td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">3</td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">4</td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">5</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">6</td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">7</td>
<td class="xl67" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">8</td>
<td class="xl66" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">9</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl84" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">1</td>
<td class="xl84" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">16</td>
<td class="xl85" style="width: 158pt;" width="210">DEBORA KAREN HAPUKH S.</td>
<td class="xl86" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl87" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 KESAMBEN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl88" style="border-top: medium none;">1070</td>
<td align="right" class="xl86" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1155</td>
<td align="right" class="xl86" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1220</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3445</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">2</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">22</td>
<td class="xl91" style="border-left: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">YOUHAN IRKHAMA</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 BINANGUN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1080</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1115</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1215</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3410</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">3</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">2</td>
<td class="xl89">HANIYAH SALMA</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 KANIGORO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1030</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1130</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1240</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3400</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">4</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">21</td>
<td class="xl85" style="width: 158pt;" width="210">ANIS WAHYUNI</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 SUTOJAYAN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1055</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1120</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1225</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3400</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">5</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">4</td>
<td class="xl89">SITI FATIMAH</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 TALUN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1030</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1130</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1200</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3360</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">6</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">26</td>
<td class="xl85" style="width: 158pt;" width="210">BRILLIANTINE YUSFA TRI A.</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 WLINGI</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1120</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1010</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1225</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3355</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">7</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">12</td>
<td class="xl91" style="border-left: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">ERDITYA FENDY
KURNIA A.</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 SRENGAT</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1085</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1140</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1125</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3350</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">8</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">7</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">DIMAS PRIATAMA ADI</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 3 DOKO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1045</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1110</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1190</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3345</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">9</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">23</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SHINTA FEBYOLA</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 PONGGOK</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1005</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1105</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1235</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3345</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl90" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">10</td>
<td class="xl90" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">3</td>
<td class="xl89">ROVITA ANGGUN BIGGY CAHYANI</td>
<td class="xl92" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl93" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl83" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 WATES</td>
<td align="right" class="xl94" style="border-top: medium none;">1005</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1075</td>
<td align="right" class="xl92" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1255</td>
<td align="right" class="xl89">3335</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">11</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">14</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">JESSICA
FEBRIENTI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 WLINGI</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1070</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1235</td>
<td align="right">3330</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">12</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">24</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">WAYODYANING AQILA
MA'RIFAH SALSABILA</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 SELOREJO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1090</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1220</td>
<td align="right">3325</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">13</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">20</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">ALIFAH
RETNO WULAN</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 DOKO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1045</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1070</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1205</td>
<td align="right">3320</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">14</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">31</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">ILHAM
PRATAMA</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 TALUN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1030</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1085</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1200</td>
<td align="right">3315</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">15</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">8</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SELA TILANA</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 WONOTIRTO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1260</td>
<td align="right">3310</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">16</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">5</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">KARINA<span> </span></td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 UDANAWU</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1005</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1080</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1195</td>
<td align="right">3280</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">33</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">GALUH SUCI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-top: medium none;">SMPN 2 SRENGAT</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">990</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1060</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1230</td>
<td align="right">3280</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">18</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">10</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">IKA NUR ANISAH</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 NGLEGOK</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1005</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1070</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1200</td>
<td align="right">3275</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">19</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">27</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">GARNIS
NI MASTITI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 GANDUSARI</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1020</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1230</td>
<td align="right">3275</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">20</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">19</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">BOORDISH
DIOLAODA</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 BAKUNG</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1050</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1195</td>
<td align="right">3270</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">32</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SENJA KRISDANA</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-top: medium none;">SMPN 3 SRENGAT</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1020</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1220</td>
<td align="right">3255</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">22</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">17</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">RUDJU
DIAFAKMA P.</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 BAKUNG</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1000</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1030</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1185</td>
<td align="right">3215</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">23</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">11</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">ILHAM
SAHRUL RAMADHANI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 GARUM</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1005</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1190</td>
<td align="right">3210</td>
</tr>
<tr height="40" style="height: 30pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="40" style="border-top: medium none; height: 30pt;">24</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">15</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">BELLATRIX
INDAH PRATIWI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMP IT AL-HIKMAH
BENCE</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">950</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1065</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1195</td>
<td align="right">3210</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">25</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">35</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">RIKA DWI NOVYANTI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-top: medium none;">SMPN 2 SUTOJAYAN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">995</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1200</td>
<td align="right">3210</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">26</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">25</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">WAHYU
ULFA SUNDARI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 3 NGLEGOK</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">975</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1210</td>
<td align="right">3200</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">27</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">6</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">FITRI RAHAYU</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 2 GARUM</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">950</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1065</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1180</td>
<td align="right">3195</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">28</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">13</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">FAUZIAH
HERIN NASTITI</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1 GANDUSARI</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">1065</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">935</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1195</td>
<td align="right">3195</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">29</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">18</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">AGRESEN</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 1
PANGGUNGREJO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">955</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1190</td>
<td align="right">3170</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">30</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">29</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">FRISTA
DIA LESTARY ZAIN</td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN 3
KADEMANGAN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69" style="border-top: medium none;">955</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1010</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1185</td>
<td align="right">3150</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">31</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">34</td>
<td class="xl79" style="border-left: medium none;">LAIATUL</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl79" style="border-left: medium none;">SMPN 2 SRENGAT</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">910</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1200</td>
<td align="right">3125</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">32</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">36</td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: medium none;">SINDI KRISMUNITA</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: medium none;">SMPN 1 SELOPURO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">905</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1015</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1195</td>
<td align="right">3115</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">33</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">38</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SUGENG SANTOSO</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SMPN 3 PONGGOK</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">905</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1005</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1200</td>
<td align="right">3110</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">34</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">37</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">DEVIANA VERAWATI</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SMPN 1 GANDUSARI</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">820</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1010</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1205</td>
<td align="right">3035</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">35</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">YULIANA PUTRI</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl80" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl81" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN
2 NGLEGOK</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">875</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">970</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1160</td>
<td align="right">3005</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">36</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">9</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">TATHIN NUR A.H</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl82" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">SMP MAMBAUSHSHOLIHIN</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">850</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">945</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">1140</td>
<td align="right">2935</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">37</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">28</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">MALIKA
AHSIN AFUWWANDA</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl81" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN
1 DOKO</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">0</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl64" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt;">38</td>
<td class="xl64" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">30</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 158pt;" width="210">WINDY
RAHMATUL AZIZAH</td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> </td>
<td class="xl81" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 126pt;" width="168">SMPN
2 GANDUSARI</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl63" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none;">0</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
</tr>
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gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-5454731194991503932013-03-19T18:06:00.001-07:002013-03-19T18:06:49.620-07:00A Long JourneyOnce in a life time...gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-81496787246390286082013-01-14T21:31:00.002-08:002013-01-14T21:32:11.056-08:00Friends... Do come here.. Write everything..gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-74981240349957173142012-10-06T22:24:00.001-07:002012-10-06T22:24:15.076-07:00Lesson Plan on Reading-Descriptive Text<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">LESSON PLAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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School : <b>Junior High School</b></div>
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Subject :
English</div>
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Class / Semester : VIII/1</div>
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Skill : Reading </div>
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Time
Allocation : 1 X 40 minutes</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>A. STANDARD OF COMPETENCE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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5. To understand
meaning of simple, short essays in the form of descriptive and recount</div>
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text to interact (with people) in the
(students’) closest environment </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>B. BASIC COMPETENCE</b></div>
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5.3. To respond
the meaning and rhetorical step in the simple, short essays accurately,</div>
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fluently and
related to the students’ closest environment in the form of descriptive and recount text.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>C. SUB BASIC COMPETENCE</b></div>
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5.3.1 To respond the meaning and rhetorical
step in the simple, short essays accurately</div>
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fluently and related to the students’
closest environment in the form of </div>
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descriptive text.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>D. INDICATORS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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1. To identify
the meaning of some words related to the topic</div>
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2. To find out
the various kinds of information of descriptive text</div>
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<span style="color: black;">3. To fill/complete the table on the content of the text<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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4. To identify
the language features of a descriptive text</div>
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5. To identify
the generic structure of the descriptive text</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>E. LEARNING GOAL <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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By
the end of the lesson, students are expected to be able to understand the content
and the
characteristics a descriptive text.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>F. LEARNING OBJECTIVES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black;">Given some questions
orally, the students are able to understand the meaning of some words related
to animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->After
reading the text, the students are able to identify various kind of information
of the given descriptive text (general information, main idea, explicit information,
implicit information, references of certain word, and the meaning of words)
correctly.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->In groups, the students are able to fill/complete the table
on the content of the text</div>
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correctly.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Through
working in group , the students are able to mention the adjectives used in the text correctly</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Through
working in group, the students are able to identify the generic structure of
text correctly.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>G. LEARNING MATERIALS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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- Descriptive text about an elephant
(taken from Smart Steps: <i>The Smartest Way
to<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i> Learn English</i>. An English Textbook for
Junior High School, published by Ganeca</div>
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Excact Bandung)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>H. TEACHING MEDIA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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1. Work sheet </div>
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2.
A picture of an elephant</div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
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<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
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<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
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</v:f>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 239.1pt; margin-left: 84.1pt; margin-top: 2.25pt; position: absolute; width: 332.8pt; z-index: 251657728;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="207201" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image001.jpg">
</v:imagedata> </v:shape></v:path></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas></v:stroke></v:shapetype></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>I. TEACHING MODEL<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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a. Technique : Three
– Phase Technique </div>
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Exploration, Elaboration, Confirmation (EEC)—Pre-Reading,
Whilst— Reading,</div>
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Post—Reading </div>
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b. Discussion /
interactive learning</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>J. LEARNING ACTIVITIES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Opening (2.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Attendance checking</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Telling the learning goal and objectives</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -54pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Telling the coverage of the learning materials</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 46.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Exploration—Pre-Reading (7.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
students are asked to make groups of two (pair-work).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher gives the students five questions orally related to the topic.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Do you like animals?</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What animal do you like?</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Now, guess! It is a kind of a big animal. It eats
grass. We often see it in the zoo. What is it? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher shows a picture of an elephant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher asks some questions related to the picture, such as </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What picture is it?</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--> Where does it
live?</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How is it? </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What does it eat? etc.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher asks the groups to predict what topic is going to discuss/the teacher
tells the student about the topic to discuss.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 46.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Elaboration—Whilst-Reading (22.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher distributes the worksheet to each group.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher explains a little about a descriptive text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->After
that, the students are given the chance to read the text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
groups answer questions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Still
in groups, the teacher and the students discuss the results of the discussion.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b> </b>In
groups, the students complete the table based on the text.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Still working in group, the students are asked to
identify the language feature </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt;">
and generic structure of the text having been discussed.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Each
group presents the results of their discussion in front of the class by giving
explanation and other groups give response as well as feedback to their
friends’ groups.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher gives feedback to the students’ presentation by giving correction on</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt;">
the mistakes.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 46.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Confirmation—Post-Reading (5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher highlights the learning materials that have been discussed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The
teacher asks students to find a descriptive text at home.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b>Closing (2.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The teacher gives chance to the students to ask
questions</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The teacher closes the lesson</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Greeting </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>K. EVALUATION<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Technique : Test (enclosed)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
(the test is for Daily Test/Formative Test) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><i><span style="color: red;"> </span></i><span style="color: red;">Note:</span><i> </i>The
character building</b><i>: reinforcing
reading habit, self-confident<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>L. APPENDICES :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
a.
Learning Materials </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
b.
Students’ Worksheet</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
c.
Key Answer</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
d.
Scoring Guide </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Binangun, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
The Principal, English
Teacher,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><u>__________________________</u></b> <b><u>SUKARDI</u></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Appendix 1: Learning
Materials<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i>Transcript
for the oral questions (It can be presented by having power point presentation).<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Answer the
questions orally!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Do you like animals?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What animal do you like?<o:p></o:p></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">Now,
guess! It is a big animal. It eats grass. We often see it in the zoo. </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
What is it?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b>Based on the picture, answer these
questions!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">What
picture is it?</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Where
does it live?<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">What
color is the elephant’s skin? </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">What
does it eat? </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Descriptive
Text<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 12.5pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.7pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Note :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Descriptive
text is a text describing specific object (place, people, or thing)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Generic
Structure :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Identification
: it is used to identify the specific object being described.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Description of
features : Giving more detailed information about the physical appearance of
the object being described.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Language
features : Descriptive text usually uses the present tense, adjective, and
noun phrases.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
The writer may
give opinion : I think ………; you can …………..etc</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Appendix 2:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>Students’
Worksheet<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Task 1: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Read the following text carefully!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<v:roundrect arcsize="10923f" id="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 203.65pt; margin-left: 101.05pt; margin-top: 0.5pt; position: absolute; width: 283.25pt; z-index: 251658752;">
<v:textbox>
<!--[if !mso]-->
</v:textbox></v:roundrect></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><!--[endif]-->
<br />
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 175.5pt; width: 249pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.emz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
</div>
<!--[if !mso]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[endif]-->
<o:p> </o:p>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
This is Salsa. Salsa is an Indian Elephant, but now it lives in the
National Zoo Washington D.C.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Salsa is young. It is twenty years old. It weighs up 2,500 kg and 2.1
meter high at the shoulder. It may consume up to 200 kg of grass a day. It is
fond of banana plants, gingers, and leaves of various plants.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Salsa does not have sweat glands so it likes to cool off by rolling in a
pond in the zoo. The mud that dries on its skin protects it from the sun. Salsa
also likes taking a bath. It makes her fresh and relaxed. Mike, the zoo keeper,
helps Salsa take a bath. Mike does it every day. He also feeds and talks to
Salsa. Salsa likes this nice guy very much.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Answer these
questions based on the text!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">1. What does text tell us about?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">2. Where does Salsa live?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">3. What is Salsa’s favorite food?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">4. What is main idea of the second paragraph? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">5.”</span>Mike does it every day.<span style="color: black;">”
What does the word “<b>it</b>” refer to?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">6. </span>He also feeds and talks to Salsa. What does the
word “<b>feed</b>” mean?<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Task 2:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Complete the table based on the text!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Number<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Aspects<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Answers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
origin of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">twenty
years old<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
height of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Mike<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Task 3:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Analyze the text above in terms of its text organization/generic
structure of the text!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 17.95pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26.4pt;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>GENERIC
STRUCTURE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>PARAGRAPH<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" width="184"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>LANGUAGE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>FEATURES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35.3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Identification</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Adjectives:……………..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Verb 1 :…………………</div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Description</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Adjectives:……………..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Verb 1 :…………………</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>GOOD LUCK!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Key Answers:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Appendix 1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Yes / No<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->………<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->elephant<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">elephant</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">in
the jungle / zoo</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">brown</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">grass</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Appendix 2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b> Task
1:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Salsa, an elephant</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->National Zoo Washington D.C.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->banana plants, gingers, and leaves of various plants.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->the physical description of Salsa</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->helping Salsa take a bath</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->give food</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Task 2: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Number<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Aspects<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Answers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">the name of the elephant<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
origin of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">India<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">the age of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">twenty
years old<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
height of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">2.1 m<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">the zoo keeper<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Mike<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Task 3:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 17.95pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26.4pt;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>GENERIC
STRUCTURE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>PARAGRAPH<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" width="184"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>LANGUAGE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>FEATURES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35.3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Identification</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
1: It tells what is Salsa.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Adjectives: Indian</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Verb 1 : live</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Description</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
2: It tells the physical </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
description of Salsa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
3: It tells the habits of Salsa.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Adjectives: young</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Verb 1 : weigh</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Adjectives: -</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Verb 1 : have, like</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>]<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Appendix 3: Test for Evaluation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Read the text carefully!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Sonia has a pet. It is a cat. Its name is Bonny.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Bonny is a beautiful cat. It is black and white. Its fur is very soft. It
has a long tail. However, its tail is not only black and white but also brown.
It has also beautiful eyes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Bonny likes playing. It usually plays by itself under the tree in front
of Sonia’s house. It usually runs here and there as well as rolling by itself.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b>Answer
the questions based on the text!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the suitable title for the text above?</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is Bonny? </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What color is Bonny’s tail?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the main idea of the second paragraph?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What does the word “<b>itself</b>” in the last paragraph refer to?</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>GOOD LUCK!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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=====================================================================</div>
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<b>Key Answers:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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1. Sonia’s Pet/Bonny/Sonia’s Cat.</div>
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2. It is a cat.</div>
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3. black, white, and brown.</div>
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4. the physical description of Bonny.</div>
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5. Bonny.</div>
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<br /></div>
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20 : complete
and correct answer</div>
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10 :
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0 : no answer</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Total Score:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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20
X 5 = 100</div>
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<b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<o:p> </o:p>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-82053884847279135452012-10-06T22:23:00.001-07:002012-10-06T22:23:11.688-07:00An Analysis of a Poemgurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-78078704912486902622012-10-06T22:21:00.001-07:002012-10-06T22:21:30.226-07:00Lesson Plan on Reading<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">LESSON PLAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
School : <b>Junior High School</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
Subject :
English</div>
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Class / Semester : VIII/1</div>
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Skill : Reading </div>
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Time
Allocation : 1 X 40 minutes</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>A. STANDARD OF COMPETENCE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
5. To understand
meaning of simple, short essays in the form of descriptive and recount</div>
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text to interact (with people) in the
(students’) closest environment </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>B. BASIC COMPETENCE</b></div>
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5.3. To respond
the meaning and rhetorical step in the simple, short essays accurately,</div>
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fluently and
related to the students’ closest environment in the form of descriptive and recount text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 61.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>C. SUB BASIC COMPETENCE</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 41.25pt;">
5.3.1 To respond the meaning and rhetorical
step in the simple, short essays accurately</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 61.5pt;">
fluently and related to the students’
closest environment in the form of </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 61.5pt;">
descriptive text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 61.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>D. INDICATORS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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1. To identify
the meaning of some words related to the topic</div>
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2. To find out
the various kinds of information of descriptive text</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="color: black;">3. To fill/complete the table on the content of the text<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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4. To identify
the language features of a descriptive text</div>
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5. To identify
the generic structure of the descriptive text</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>E. LEARNING GOAL <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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By
the end of the lesson, students are expected to be able to understand the content
and the
characteristics a descriptive text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>F. LEARNING OBJECTIVES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: black;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="color: black;">Given some questions
orally, the students are able to understand the meaning of some words related
to animals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>After
reading the text, the students are able to identify various kind of information
of the given descriptive text (general information, main idea, explicit information,
implicit information, references of certain word, and the meaning of words)
correctly.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>In groups, the students are able to fill/complete the table
on the content of the text</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt;">
correctly.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Through
working in group , the students are able to mention the adjectives used in the text correctly</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Through
working in group, the students are able to identify the generic structure of
text correctly.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>G. LEARNING MATERIALS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
- Descriptive text about an elephant
(taken from Smart Steps: <i>The Smartest Way
to<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<i> Learn English</i>. An English Textbook for
Junior High School, published by Ganeca</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
Excact Bandung)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>H. TEACHING MEDIA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
1. Work sheet </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
2.
A picture of an elephant</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
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<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
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</v:f>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 239.1pt; margin-left: 84.1pt; margin-top: 2.25pt; position: absolute; width: 332.8pt; z-index: 251657728;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="207201" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image001.jpg">
</v:imagedata> </v:shape></v:path></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas></v:stroke></v:shapetype></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>I. TEACHING MODEL<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.25pt;">
a. Technique : Three
– Phase Technique </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.25pt; text-indent: 0.75pt;">
Exploration, Elaboration, Confirmation (EEC)—Pre-Reading,
Whilst— Reading,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 35.25pt; text-indent: 0.75pt;">
Post—Reading </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
b. Discussion /
interactive learning</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>J. LEARNING ACTIVITIES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b>Opening (2.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Attendance checking</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Telling the learning goal and objectives</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -54pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Telling the coverage of the learning materials</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 46.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><b>Exploration—Pre-Reading (7.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
students are asked to make groups of two (pair-work).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher gives the students five questions orally related to the topic.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Do you like animals?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What animal do you like?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Now, guess! It is a kind of a big animal. It eats
grass. We often see it in the zoo. What is it? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher shows a picture of an elephant.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher asks some questions related to the picture, such as </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What picture is it?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span> Where does it
live?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>How is it? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What does it eat? etc.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher asks the groups to predict what topic is going to discuss/the teacher
tells the student about the topic to discuss.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 46.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><b>Elaboration—Whilst-Reading (22.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher distributes the worksheet to each group.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher explains a little about a descriptive text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>After
that, the students are given the chance to read the text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
groups answer questions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Still
in groups, the teacher and the students discuss the results of the discussion.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><b> </b>In
groups, the students complete the table based on the text.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Still working in group, the students are asked to
identify the language feature </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt;">
and generic structure of the text having been discussed.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Each
group presents the results of their discussion in front of the class by giving
explanation and other groups give response as well as feedback to their
friends’ groups.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher gives feedback to the students’ presentation by giving correction on</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 64.35pt;">
the mistakes.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 46.35pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<b>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><b>Confirmation—Post-Reading (5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher highlights the learning materials that have been discussed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>The
teacher asks students to find a descriptive text at home.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b>Closing (2.5’)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>The teacher gives chance to the students to ask
questions</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>The teacher closes the lesson</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Greeting </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>K. EVALUATION<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Technique : Test (enclosed)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
(the test is for Daily Test/Formative Test) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><i><span style="color: red;"> </span></i><span style="color: red;">Note:</span><i> </i>The
character building</b><i>: reinforcing
reading habit, self-confident<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>L. APPENDICES :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
a.
Learning Materials </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
b.
Students’ Worksheet</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
c.
Key Answer</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
d.
Scoring Guide </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Binangun, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
The Principal, English
Teacher,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><u>__________________________</u></b> <b><u>SUKARDI</u></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Appendix 1: Learning
Materials<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i>Transcript
for the oral questions (It can be presented by having power point presentation).<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Answer the
questions orally!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Do you like animals?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>What animal do you like?<o:p></o:p></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">Now,
guess! It is a big animal. It eats grass. We often see it in the zoo. </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
What is it?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b>Based on the picture, answer these
questions!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">What
picture is it?</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Where
does it live?<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">What
color is the elephant’s skin? </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">What
does it eat? </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Descriptive
Text<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 12.5pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.7pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Note :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Descriptive
text is a text describing specific object (place, people, or thing)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Generic
Structure :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Identification
: it is used to identify the specific object being described.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Description of
features : Giving more detailed information about the physical appearance of
the object being described.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Language
features : Descriptive text usually uses the present tense, adjective, and
noun phrases.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
The writer may
give opinion : I think ………; you can …………..etc</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Appendix 2:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>Students’
Worksheet<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Task 1: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Read the following text carefully!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<v:roundrect arcsize="10923f" id="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 203.65pt; margin-left: 101.05pt; margin-top: 0.5pt; position: absolute; width: 283.25pt; z-index: 251658752;">
<v:textbox>
</v:textbox></v:roundrect></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 175.5pt; width: 249pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.emz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<o:p> </o:p>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
This is Salsa. Salsa is an Indian Elephant, but now it lives in the
National Zoo Washington D.C.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Salsa is young. It is twenty years old. It weighs up 2,500 kg and 2.1
meter high at the shoulder. It may consume up to 200 kg of grass a day. It is
fond of banana plants, gingers, and leaves of various plants.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Salsa does not have sweat glands so it likes to cool off by rolling in a
pond in the zoo. The mud that dries on its skin protects it from the sun. Salsa
also likes taking a bath. It makes her fresh and relaxed. Mike, the zoo keeper,
helps Salsa take a bath. Mike does it every day. He also feeds and talks to
Salsa. Salsa likes this nice guy very much.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Answer these
questions based on the text!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">1. What does text tell us about?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">2. Where does Salsa live?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">3. What is Salsa’s favorite food?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">4. What is main idea of the second paragraph? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">5.”</span>Mike does it every day.<span style="color: black;">”
What does the word “<b>it</b>” refer to?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black;">6. </span>He also feeds and talks to Salsa. What does the
word “<b>feed</b>” mean?<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Task 2:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Complete the table based on the text!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Number<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Aspects<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Answers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
origin of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">twenty
years old<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
height of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 6cm;" valign="top" width="227"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 191.35pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Mike<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Task 3:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Analyze the text above in terms of its text organization/generic
structure of the text!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 17.95pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26.4pt;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>GENERIC
STRUCTURE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>PARAGRAPH<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" width="184"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>LANGUAGE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>FEATURES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35.3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Identification</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Adjectives:……………..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Verb 1 :…………………</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Description</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Adjectives:……………..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Verb 1 :…………………</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>GOOD LUCK!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Key Answers:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Appendix 1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Yes / No<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>………<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>elephant<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">elephant</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">in
the jungle / zoo</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">brown</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">grass</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b>Appendix 2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<b> Task
1:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Salsa, an elephant</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>National Zoo Washington D.C.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>banana plants, gingers, and leaves of various plants.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>the physical description of Salsa</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>helping Salsa take a bath</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>give food</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Task 2: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Number<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Aspects<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;">Answers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">the name of the elephant<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
origin of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">India<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">the age of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">twenty
years old<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">the
height of Salsa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">2.1 m<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<i><span style="color: black;">the zoo keeper<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.15pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black;">Mike<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b>Task 3:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 17.95pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26.4pt;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" width="195"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>GENERIC
STRUCTURE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>PARAGRAPH<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 26.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" width="184"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>LANGUAGE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b>FEATURES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35.3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Identification</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
1: It tells what is Salsa.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 35.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Adjectives: Indian</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Verb 1 : live</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3pt;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Description</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.4pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
2: It tells the physical </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
description of Salsa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
3: It tells the habits of Salsa.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 137.75pt;" valign="top" width="184"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Adjectives: young</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Verb 1 : weigh</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Adjectives: -</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
Verb 1 : have, like</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>]<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Appendix 3: Test for Evaluation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Read the text carefully!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Sonia has a pet. It is a cat. Its name is Bonny.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Bonny is a beautiful cat. It is black and white. Its fur is very soft. It
has a long tail. However, its tail is not only black and white but also brown.
It has also beautiful eyes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Bonny likes playing. It usually plays by itself under the tree in front
of Sonia’s house. It usually runs here and there as well as rolling by itself.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b>Answer
the questions based on the text!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What is the suitable title for the text above?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What is Bonny? </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What color is Bonny’s tail?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What is the main idea of the second paragraph?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>What does the word “<b>itself</b>” in the last paragraph refer to?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>GOOD LUCK!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
=====================================================================</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Key Answers:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;">
1. Sonia’s Pet/Bonny/Sonia’s Cat.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;">
2. It is a cat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
3. black, white, and brown.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;">
4. the physical description of Bonny.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;">
5. Bonny.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm;">
<v:roundrect arcsize="10923f" id="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 201.9pt; margin-left: 59.65pt; margin-top: -0.1pt; position: absolute; width: 228.9pt; z-index: 251656704;">
<v:textbox>
</v:textbox></v:roundrect></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b>Scoring Guide:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
20 : complete
and correct answer</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
10 :
incomplete but correct answer</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
5 : wrong
answer</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
0 : no answer</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
<b>Total Score:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
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gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-29465349723939898152012-10-06T22:20:00.001-07:002012-10-06T22:20:46.624-07:00An Analysis of a Poem<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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looked down one as far as I could<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">To
where it bent in the undergrowth;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Then
took the other, as just as fair,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
having perhaps the better claim,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Because
it was grassy and wanted wear;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Though
as for that the passing there<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Had
worn them really about the same,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
both that morning equally lay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In
leaves no step had trodden black.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Oh,
I kept the first for another day!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Yet
knowing how way leads on to way,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I
doubted if I should ever come back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I
shall be telling this with a sigh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Somewhere
ages and ages hence:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Two
roads diverged in a wood, and I--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I
took the one less traveled by,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
that has made all the difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">by
Robert Frost<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An
Analysis of a Poem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> “The Road Not Taken”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">By
Robert Frost<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“The Road Not Taken” </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is one of<b> </b>Robert Frost’s popular poems. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco on
March 26, 1874. He moved to New England at the age of eleven and became
interested in reading and writing poetry during his high school years in
Lawrence, Massachusetts. He was enrolled at Dartmouth College in 1892, and
later at Harvard, though he never earned a formal degree. <b>“The Road Not Taken” </b>is a<b> </b>good
poem for us to analyze and understand the message for there are many things
special. The following is a short and simple analysis on it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Meaning of Words<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The words used in this poem seem to show
connotation. It means that what is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">meant by certain words is not the
meaning of words as they used literally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Example:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Here the writer used word “<b>roads</b>”. It is not the roads in ordinary
meaning as the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> roads
where we usually walk. However, it is the “<b>mind</b>”
or the “<b>decision to take</b>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“Traveler”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
is not just the traveler who walks on the road in ordinary sense. Yet, traveler
refers to <b>“every/all of us/human beings”.</b>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
word “<b>looked down</b>” which literally
means looked down the road in the real context, but it means that the writer “<b>reconsidered</b>” what to do before decided
what to do so. In this case the writer thought and thought again the god and
the bad effects and side of what was going to do. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are still other words that suggest the different meaning as the ordinary one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Imagery
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer used the words in this poem to show the situation in a certain place
near the wood. Then the roads diverged. After that he stops for a while and think
in a hesitation what to do. He is in doubt which road to take. In deep breath,
he thinks deeply about the consideration of each decision to take. Here the writer
uses the image of such situation to describe that we may face such dilemmatic
situation which forces us to decide what to do with each consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Poetic Comparison<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here the writer compares the diverged
roads to the decision to take which may<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">cause certain results or consequences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Then the writer also compares the wood
to the world of life of ours. It is in the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> world of our life that we have to do something
in a certain situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Where certain road we take, we will face
certain inevitable condition or facts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">That is life that we may be at certain
risks because of certain decision we have <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">taken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Symbol<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
symbol used in this poem relates much to the imagery of it. The words used in
this poem symbolize certain meaning. Like the word “<b>road</b>” may mean that it is the “<b>idea
in our mind”</b> to express or show. The “<b>wood”</b>
may be interpreted as the “<b>situation or
world”</b> of ours in our daily life. In our real life, we may get stuck into a
certain condition that forces us to do something that may be dilemmatic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">V.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Mode or Tone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
general the “<b>hesitation</b>” or “<b>doubt</b>” is the mode or tone that the
writer of this poem expresses. The poem implies the interpretation that
everyone may get into a certain hesitation or doubt when he/she faces certain
situation. Everyone has his/her own consideration when she/he has to make
certain decision. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer shows his consistency in showing the hesitation in his poem. Starting
from the first stanza up to the last one, still, the doubt mode dominates the
message of this poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">VI.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting
of the Time and Space<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
poem seems to bring the reader to such situation in which we are in a short
distance to a wood in a late afternoon. Then we stand there for a fairly long
time to think and rethinking of everything to do with each consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">VII.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
poem focuses on the theme of “<b>hesitation/doubt</b>”.
The writer shows and asks the reader to imagine when we are in a certain
dilemmatic situation. Then, in a short time we have to decide what to do or to
take.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here
the writer argues that everyone may get such a difficult situation in which<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">he/she
has to act/to do something. While, doing certain thing may cause another thing,
too.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer symbolizes himself in short distance to a wood where the road to take<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is
diverged. Then he is in doubt which one to travel. Taking the most travelled
one may not be as good as usual or as expected. Taking the other one which
seems to be rarely travelled by, may be better than the first one. Such
hesitating situation makes him get difficulty in deciding. However, finally he
takes the rarely travelled by, in the hope that it is better than the other. He
expects that it will be different from others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
this poem the writer would like to show that in our daily life we are often
faced by many dilemmatic situations that need us to be ourselves. Sometimes we
see that many people do many things that sometimes against the law and religion
as well as our feeling or heart. In such condition, sometimes we are forced to
do so. If we do not do so, we will be out of there. However, when we accept to
do so, it is not really what we want to do. So, sometimes we have to force
ourselves to d differently from others in order that we are not against our
deep heart feelings. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
idea is expressed thoroughly by the writer in this poem. Starting from the
first stanza up to the last one, the writer is consistent to express this
message by having good choice of words and symbolization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">VIII.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rhyme<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The poem “The Road not Taken” is
classified as a “<b>Rhymed Verse Forms</b>”
one. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
repetition of sound is orderly can be felt and heard. The rhyme formula is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“<b>a, b, a, a, b</b>”. The rhymes are as
follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Two roads
diverged in a yellow <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">wood</span></b>, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And sorry I
could not travel <b><span style="color: red;">both</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And be one
traveler, long I <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">stood</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And looked down
one as far as I <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">could</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">To where it bent
in the <b><span style="color: red;">undergrowth</span></b>;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Then took the
other, as just as <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">fair</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And having
perhaps the better <b><span style="color: red;">claim,</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Because it was
grassy and wanted <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">wear</span></b>;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Though as for
that the passing <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">there</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Had worn them
really about the <b><span style="color: red;">same</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And both that
morning equally <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">lay</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In leaves no
step had trodden <b><span style="color: red;">black</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Oh, I kept the
first for another <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">day</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Yet knowing how
way leads on to <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">way</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I doubted if I
should ever come <b><span style="color: red;">back</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I shall be
telling this with a<b><i> </i><span style="color: #7030a0;">sigh</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Somewhere ages
and ages <b><span style="color: red;">hence</span></b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Two roads
diverged in a wood, and <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">I</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">--</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I took the one
less traveled<b><i> </i><span style="color: #7030a0;">by</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And that has
made all the <b><span style="color: red;">difference</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> The rhyme good rhyme of this poem
has made it catchy to our lips and ears. It<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> makes
a good point of this poem. It can be seen that the rhymes have ordered<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> formulas.
This may affect understanding of the poem readers. In turn, it may help<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> the
readers understand better on the message of the poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">IX.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kinds
of Stanza<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In terms of the kinds of stanza forms,
the poem “The Road not Taken” is called<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>“Quintet”</b> (five lines)—it means that
each stanza consists of five lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Example:
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Two
roads diverged in a yellow wood, (1<sup>st</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And
sorry I could not travel both (2<sup>nd</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And
be one traveler, long I stood (3<sup>rd</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And looked down one as far as I could (4<sup>th</sup> line) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To
where it bent in the undergrowth; (5<sup>th</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
same thing happens to the second, third, and fourth stanzas in which each of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> them consists of five lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">X.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Criticism
and Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
general, it is a very good poem. In term of the total integration of the
material, this poem has had all in one. It means that the message going to
express is completely represented by the words in the poem itself. In different
words we can say that the poet has achieved the total integration of his
materials.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
my view, this poem has made us realized what commonly happens in our daily
life. Life is life. Life sometimes makes us live in different way from our
selves/our feelings. Life sometimes makes us just like ordinary people, not
dare to be consistent to the value of life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">All
in all, I like this poem. The words choice and the rhyme make it catchy to our
heart and ears. In addition, the message of this poem is truly touched felling.
Furthermore, we may have ourselves understand the meaning of life because of
the message of this poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Last
but not least, the writer has a very good imagination in writing his poem. Je
imagine something to represent the meaning/what he intends to express. However,
it may results in different understanding and perceptions to the readers. Yet, it
is quite reasonable in case that there is difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-70313601169990397742012-10-06T22:20:00.000-07:002012-10-06T22:20:21.639-07:00Do ewrite and comment here!I do hope your comment here..... C'mon friends...gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-52224702852108714142012-07-07T05:51:00.001-07:002012-07-07T05:51:23.451-07:00Assessment of Student<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assessment of Students<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Written by Donna E. Alvermann, <i>The University of Georgia, Athens </i>and <o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Stephen F. Phelps, <i>State University College at Buffalo</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Summarized by: Sukardi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>This chapter discusses about assessment of students, the problems related to it and the alternatives to explore, including authentic, performance-based, and portfolio assessment techniques, as well as the implication to Indonesian context.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Assessing Students<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There are two types of assessment based on its purpose. They are :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Formative-assessment <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is intended to help “form” or develop, a student. Formative-assessment is also needed by the teacher to draw conclusion on the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals of the students.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Summative-assessment<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is used to make a “summarizing” judgment of what the students have learned or done.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Without caring on the purposes of the assessment, one thing that should be<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">considered is that good assessment practice should have the following characteristics:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good assessment draws on multiple source of information.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">No single test can tell a teacher the “true” state of a students’ knowledge.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good assessment results in information that is useful to both students and teachers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good assessment gives students optimal condition for showing their capabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good assessment involves students in self-assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Good assessment admits the potential of fallibility.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Test and Testing: A Consumer Advisory<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Due to the many stakeholders in education, the emergence of conflicts <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">often arise because of the different demands. School administrators have their own demand; the culture defenders also have their own sake, as well as politicians give their comments on the assessment. The professed purposes of testing are as varied and contradictory as the stakeholders. Reformers of all political stripes may see tests as a means to drive school reform. Some may look to state or national assessments as a way to raise student achievement, whereas others see alternative assessment procedures as a way to complement curricular reforms and increase students’ participation in their learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The conflicting demands and claims surrounding educational assessment present several very real problems to classroom teachers. They are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Validity<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Credibility<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Time<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Influences on curriculum and teaching<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teacher knowledge and training<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Equity <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It also should be noted that there must be limitation of testing. A student <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">may do well or poorly on a particular test, but the test alone cannot tell definitely why the students perform that way<span> </span>or why that is typical of the students’ performance. No best decision for the students is given based only on a certain results of tests. The best decisions about students will be made after carefully after considering many source of information.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Teachers who work with students of diverse cultural backgrounds must especially be aware of cultural biases that can influence tests and testing. There are several sources of cultural bias in standardized tests proposed by some experts, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Content and conceptual bias<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">As the test content as the reflection of the knowledge and values of mainstream society, it may be more or less familiar to members of different culture that may therefore assign different meaning to the same concept.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Linguistic bias<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is related to the lack of familiarity with academic English. Certain non standard English may cause bias. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Functional bias<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The functional bias is caused by the fact that many tests are not flexible enough to fully assess the capability of English Language Learners.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Consequential bias <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Because of certain conditions, the students undergo different things on the tests.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There are some ways to minimize the cultural bias. It can be done in several ways, some of them are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">You can devise a variety of assessment forms to give all students an opportunity to demonstrate their competence.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Include test and evaluation procedures that reflect diverse cultural content<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">and values.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Follow up on apparent “wrong” answers by asking students for elaborated explanations or justifications for their responses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Types of Assessment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here are common types of assessment used in schools. They are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Standardized test <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Such kind of tests are commercially prepared tests used to assess the achievement of large number of students in reading, math, and other academic areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Authentic assessment<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It involves a broad range of assessment tasks and data that are based on everyday situations or realistic application of content knowledge and concepts.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Performance assessment<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Performance assessment tasks would look identical to what we have <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">described as authentic assessment. The difference is that performance assessments are graded according to externally established criteria and students usually are expected to achieve some benchmark score as an index of competency in the area being tested.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Learning about Students<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To plan effective instruction, we need to learn as much as we can about<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">students’ norms, values, tradition, language, and beliefs as well as their reading, writing, and study skill. Here is discussed the practical ways of assessing these variables.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Interest and attitude inventories<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is related to the ways to find out what students think about a content area or a specific subject. It is helpful to know not only what the students feel about it but also what they know about it.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kid-watching <o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The informed judgments that teachers make by observing students is called kid-watching. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Informal content text inventories<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Textbooks can also be used to devise short, informal assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Grades and Grading<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Though it causes dilemma whether a teacher should gives grade either using letters or number, in fact it has been applied for a long time. However, teachers also want to encourage all students and give each one a chance to show his or her capabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Objectivity or teacher judgment?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Though it is a hard work to a good and objective assessment not the <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">teacher judgment but there are some strategies that might help you avoid <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">some of the pitfall of assigning grades to students.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tough but fair<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is needed to have a good assessment. There are five guidelines to develop “tough but fair” grading system:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Select assignment, tests or projects that reflect and measure what you value most as a teacher.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Provide a variety of opportunities to earn credit.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Be clear about your grading system and standards.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Be clear about how you will assess specific assignments and tests.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Collaborate with students to set and achieve goals and to deconstruct the language of both official and teacher-devised <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">standard.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Grading system<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">By having a good grading system will be fair to students. We can apply the followings, namely giving credit, contracting, weighted average system, a straight point system.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rubrics<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">By having a rubric, the students may be able to know “what the teacher is looking for.”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Content-area quizzes and tests<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is usually used in simply space at the end of an objective test where students can qualify their answer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Portfolio assessment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The compilation of the results of the work usually refers to portfolio.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There are three portfolio models, with each purpose:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ownership portfolios<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is the collection of the students’ work which emphasize on the student choice, reflection, and self assessment. The purpose is to allow the students to display and reflect on their accomplishments.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Feedback portfolios<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">These are co-constructed by the teacher and the students, the purpose of which is to guide students learning and to communicate with parents.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Accountability portfolios<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This a kind of portfolios which are used as performance assessments. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The purpose of such kind of portfolios is to demonstrate student achievement for accountability or program evaluation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The results of researches show some advantages of using portfolios, such as the use of portfolio assessment can be more effective than single, static measure of student achievement. Another advantage of portfolios is their potential to inform and improve interaction. However, the followings are some issues related to portfolios.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Student involvement<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Portfolios allow students to be active participant-observers of their own growth and development.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Implementing portfolios<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Due to the much advantages of using portfolios, we should know and realize that to make the implementation of portfolios surely successful <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">you provide<span> </span>guidance and modeling for students as they put them together.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Portfolio pros and cons<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Those who are in pro to portfolios say that there is much advantageous of using it. It increases the students’ awareness and involvement in their own learning. Portfolios can also provide detailed, authentic representations of what students have learned and what has taken place in a classroom for parents , colleagues, and administrators. The last but not least, portfolios can give us an opportunity to reflect on our practice as teachers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To those who are in cons to portfolios tend to say that there also failure of the teacher implementing it. The following negative potential of portfolios is the possible infringement of students’ personal privacy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Finally, it is believed that the potential benefits of portfolio assessment far outweigh any potential harm.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Many variables require many decision about students, teaching methods, materials , and assessment. The more information a teacher has, the better quality of the decisions will be. There is no right “way” to assign grades, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">no “best” test of reading ability, no “perfect” text for any subject, but good teachers keep looking and experimenting. Everything is right or wrong in its own time and place.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>D.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Implementation to Indonesian Context<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Based on the discussion on the Assessments of Students above, there are <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">some points can be drawn, namely:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There is so called formative and summative assessment terms. The formative assessment is carried out after some basic competences are learned. As its purpose discussed, this assessment is intended to develop students, to know the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals. It is often known as daily test. Whereas, the summative assessment is carried out at the end of the semester. It is to make judgment of what has the students have done. However, the is still one term of assessment, so called mid-test which is carried out in the middle of the semester. The results of the formative test, mid-test and the results of summative one are combined used to give the final grade of the students in the form of the grade in the report book at the end of the semester. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In the national scope, there is also a kind of assessment called the national examination which is undergone by the last year students. As we know that in testing there are many stakeholders involved, the national examination often becomes debate. Some reject it whereas others accept it.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Those who accept it say that it is needed to have nationally mapping on the education standardized quality. The side who rejects it says that the assessment should be done by schools independently. It is no use to have national examination. In addition, such activities need very much fund to spend. However, up to now the national examination is still our national program that must be done regularly once in a year regardless the existence of cons.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Due to the diverse cultural background, there may happens so called the cultural biases that affects tests and testing. There may be content and conceptual bias, linguistic bias, functional bias, and consequential bias.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Some ways of reducing the bias are always developed for the sake of the national needs, namely devising variety of assessment forms, including test and evaluation procedures that reflect diverse cultural content and values, and asking students for elaborated explanations or justifications for<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">their responses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In relation to the types of the assessment, it is noted that either standardized tests, authentic assessment, or performance assessment are all applied in Indonesia to meet the need of certain conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The role of interest and attitude inventories is taken into account in constructing and applying the assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teachers tend to give grade to the students hoping that it will give spirit to do better. The range of the score is usually 00—100. This one may be the most popular among teachers of English as it is easy to do. This is also what usually done in Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">To complete the sixth point above is carried out the grading system. The implementation using rubrics, quiz, and tests are basically a must in order to meet the requirements. Such kinds of ways to do assessment are easily found out among the teachers of English in our environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It is not something new that portfolio is also used in assessment program. Portfolio assessment is applied almost in all level of education. Even recently the use of portfolio is also applied in the teacher’s assessment and evaluation, such as in the certification program.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Although they may be some cons on the use of portfolio is considered the better one. So, there is no reason to avoid portfolio assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Concept of Language Learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>There are five main issues to discuss concerning about the concept of language learning. They are psychological approach to language and learning, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">development of psychological perspective in language teaching: a selective review, methods of second language learning and the concept of proficiency, learner factors, and conditions of learning and the learning process.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">14.<span> </span> Psychological approaches to language and learning <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The approach of language learning is discussed much in psychology because it talks much the relationship between the language learner and the process of language learning. The process what happens in one’s mind and brain when he/she learns a language is the concern of psychology in language learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language in psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The discussion of language in psychology is elaborated in the followings: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Before World War I<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The interwar period<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">After world War II<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Skinner and Chomsky<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The study of language comprehension and production<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language acquisition in childhood<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In short, studying the language in psychology, psycholinguistics, later on dealing with two main questions: What does it mean to know a language ?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">How does a child acquire a language?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The psychology of learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The psychological events to one who is doing learning are approached in two main ways:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The theoretical and experimental study of learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Theories are studied and applied in the forms of experimental study. A popular experiment was done by Skinner with pigeon. It was well known as Skinner operant conditioning and<span> </span>the<span> </span>teaching machine. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The empirical study of learning in individual setting<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It studied what happened with one who learned a language and what were the obstacle an difficulties faced by them.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Concept of learning in educational psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The psychology of learning commonly refers to formal educational activities, mainly characteristics of<span> </span>the learner and individual differences among learners (abilities, personality, attitudes, and motivation), different kinds of learning, the learning process, and outcomes of learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In terms of the learner characteristics, the frequent factors presented are the influence of age and maturity on mental development and learning, the effect of heredity and environment on abilities and achievement, specific aptitudes for particular learning task, and the influence of home and community on motivation and attitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The different kinds of learning have been usually expressed in to three major categories, they are:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Conceptual and verbal learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Skill learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Affective and social learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">All the three categories above are used in defining the educational objectives. They are more commonly known in term of the three categories: cognition, skill, and affect.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To understand the how the learning and the learning process, distinctions have been introduced. One of them is the time-scale of learning. It may be different the learning of infancy and adult. It may also be different the first learning the first language and the second learning the second language.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The needs of assessing the outcome of learning results in the development of tests of achievement and proficiency.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The main emphasized discussion on the language learning and psychology are the psychology of language and the psychology of learning. However, still there are many areas of psychology have very close relationship to study. Some of the are child psychology, social psychology, etc. It is obvious that in descriptive study of language, the making of pedagogical grammars, curriculum development, the expression of objectives, teaching procedures, and the organization of language teaching in educational systems all need psychological aspects.<o:p></o:p></span></div></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-31130905257371211752012-07-07T05:40:00.001-07:002012-07-07T05:40:53.800-07:00Ethnocracy<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Critical Review on “Ethnocracy and Multiculturalism: A Preliminary Study of the Cultural Aspects of the Besemah People at Pagaralam, Palembang” by Irmayanti Meliono<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukardi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">English Language Teaching (ELT) Department, Graduate School,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">State University of Malang, Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Email: skardi70@yahoo.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The traditional governance system, <i>Lampik Empat Merdike</i> and <i>Sindang Merdike</i> <span> </span>(free man) established by the Besemah society in the past is the source of enthusiasm and democratic spirit<span> </span>in Besemah ethnocratic society. Multiculturalism in Besemah society still exists in their daily lives and has a pragmatic function to improve the quality of life in various sector (Meliono, 2011:59).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based on the fact above, the reviewer would like to write a critical review on “Ethnocracy and Multiculturalism: A Preliminary Study of the Cultural Aspects of the Besemah People at Pagaralam, Palembang”. This article is written by Irmayanti Meliono in 2011. She <span> </span>is a lecturer at Department of Area Studies, faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">This article focuses on discussing the multiculturalism as a unique characteristic of the Besemah community. There are two important aspects of multiculturalism in Besemah community, namely: (1) interaction and communication between different cultures (Besemah and Dutch), (2) changes in public perception regarding the Besemah from local to global perceptions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Yet, in the discussion, it is found out that some components have not been discussed the completion of all of the presentation some of which are the values in the society that may cause the multiculturalism exists more firmly and how the society maintain the multiculturalism based on the values they hold. Being realized or not, there might be such kind of values in the form of propositions that play roles in maintaining the ethnocracy and multiculturalism exist better though change as the development of the era.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To comprehend more on the contents of the article and the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the article, here is presented the critical review of this article. It is done in order to get much more information on the contents of the article and to find out the strength and the weakness. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BODY/SUMMARY<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">By applying a qualitative method and multidisciplinary approach, the researcher<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">conducted a research as reported in her article to show the positive side of ethnicity to develop multiculturalism using the principles and norms developed by the Besemah people in order to formulate policies to respond to the challenge of globalization.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Based on the results and discussion, it is known that there are three main findings, namely: (a) an understanding of the cultural background of Besemah society in the past namely the traditional culture and the Dutch colonial culture in the area, (b) understanding the notion of ethnocracy in Besemah as derived from the system of <i>Lampik Empat</i> <i>Merdike</i>, a system of traditional governance, as well as the principles of <i>Sindang Merdike <o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(free man), <span> </span>and (c) understanding the concept of multiculturalism among the Besemah people, which consists of elements from culture, traditional governance systems, Dutch colonialism, and also the local and global perceptions of the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The third result of this research indicates that the concept of multiculturalism in Besemah people has changed the society from a traditional society to a modern society, and the community accepts globalization in various situations and conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CRITIQUE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>In the introduction, the writers of this article, Irmayanti Meliono provides <span> </span>all aspects related to the <span> </span>Ethnocracy and Multiculturalism : A Preliminary Study of the Cultural Aspects of the Besemah People at Pagaralam, Palembang.<span> </span>However, in this case the reviewer thinks that there are at least one main aspect that is not coped in this article, namely the role of the traditional values in terms of some propositions that may affect the <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the existence of multiculturalism of Besemah People at Pagaralam, Palembang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>This article does not present the roles of the traditional values in the forms of propositions that show the deep meanings. These propositions, existed in the society of Besemah people at Pagaralam may support the existence of multiculturalism. Rahyono (2011:21-58) shows the propositions in Javanese cultures. The good proposition of a society may give good impact to their cultures. The same thing may happen to the Besemah people. They may have traditional values that make multiculturalism exists without any problems. This point is not discussed in this article.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In short, this article, as results of a study, presents a comprehensive discussion on<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the ethnocracy and multiculturalism<span> </span>happens to the Besemah people at Pagaralam,<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Palembang. <i>Lampik Empat Merdike</i> and <i>Principles Sindang Merdike</i>, as the Besemah traditional system of governance served as bases to defend their land against the Dutch. They were also the principles and the spirit that have grown in Besemah people’s lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>In general, the results of the research, presented in this article have coped the components related to the topic under discussion. The researcher presents the elements to discuss related to ethnocracy and multiculturalism happened in the Besemah people at Pagaralam, Palembang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>To highlight the results of the research done by the researcher, here we can say that Inayanti Meliono as discussed in her article has presented adequate explanation and compilation related to the topic. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Meliono, Irmayanti. 2011. Ethnocracy and Multiculturalism: A Preliminary Study of the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cultural Aspects of the Besemah People at Pagaralam, Palembang. <i>Makara, Sosial<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>Humaniora,</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Vol. 15, No. 1, July 2011 (p.p. 59-66). Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Concept of Fairness as Expressed in Javanese Propositions: A Study of Cultural<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Wisdom. <i>Makara, Sosial Humaniora</i>, Vol. 15, No. 1, July 201 (p.p. 21-28). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jakarta:Universitas Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">See there anxiety lay<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many, on the ocean of greed<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">See them night n day<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">No pause till come d tide<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They down deep down<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They do go on<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They hold everything to catch on<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They do till d bottom, get drown<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Getting drown, no up and down<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Though, in d heart, deep down<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Emotion’s thunderous<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Yet, no edge, borderless<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many drown<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Who awaken<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">God, listen<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many need enlighten<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">BY: SUKARDI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-45113907754628651802012-07-07T05:27:00.002-07:002012-07-07T05:27:48.933-07:00An Analysis of a Poem<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The
Road Not Taken<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Two
roads diverged in a yellow wood,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
sorry I could not travel both<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
be one traveler, long I stood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
looked down one as far as I could<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">To
where it bent in the undergrowth;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Then
took the other, as just as fair,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
having perhaps the better claim,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Because
it was grassy and wanted wear;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Though
as for that the passing there<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Had
worn them really about the same,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
both that morning equally lay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In
leaves no step had trodden black.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Oh,
I kept the first for another day!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Yet
knowing how way leads on to way,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I
doubted if I should ever come back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I
shall be telling this with a sigh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Somewhere
ages and ages hence:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Two
roads diverged in a wood, and I--<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I
took the one less traveled by,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And
that has made all the difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">by
Robert Frost<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An
Analysis of a Poem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>“The Road Not Taken”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">By
Robert Frost<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“The Road Not Taken” </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is one of<b> </b>Robert Frost’s popular poems. <span> </span>Robert Frost was born in San Francisco on
March 26, 1874. He moved to New England at the age of eleven and became
interested in reading and writing poetry during his high school years in
Lawrence, Massachusetts. He was enrolled at Dartmouth College in 1892, and
later at Harvard, though he never earned a formal degree. <b>“The Road Not Taken” </b>is a<b> </b>good
poem for us to analyze and understand the message for there are many things
special. The following is a short and simple analysis on it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Meaning of Words<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The words used in this poem seem to show
connotation. It means that what is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">meant by certain words is not the
meaning of words as they used literally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Example:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Here the writer used word “<b>roads</b>”. It is not the roads in ordinary
meaning as the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>roads
where we usually walk. However, it is the “<b>mind</b>”
or the “<b>decision to take</b>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“Traveler”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
is not just the traveler who walks on the road in ordinary sense. Yet, traveler
refers to <b>“every/all of us/human beings”.</b>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
word “<b>looked down</b>” which literally
means looked down the road in the real context, but it means that the writer “<b>reconsidered</b>” what to do before decided
what to do so. In this case the writer thought and thought again the god and
the bad effects and side of what was going to do. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are still other words that suggest the different meaning as the ordinary one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Imagery
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer used the words in this poem to show the situation in a certain place
near the wood. Then the roads diverged. After that he stops for a while and think
in a hesitation what to do. He is in doubt which road to take. In deep breath,
he thinks deeply about the consideration of each decision to take. Here the writer
uses the image of such situation to describe that we may face such dilemmatic
situation which forces us to decide what to do with each consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Poetic Comparison<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here the writer compares the diverged
roads to the decision to take which may<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">cause certain results or consequences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Then the writer also compares the wood
to the world of life of ours. It is in the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>world of our life that we have to do something
in a certain situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Where certain road we take, we will face
certain inevitable condition or facts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">That is life that we may be at certain
risks because of certain decision we have <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">taken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Symbol<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
symbol used in this poem relates much to the imagery of it. The words used in
this poem symbolize certain meaning. Like the word “<b>road</b>” may mean that it is the “<b>idea
in our mind”</b> to express or show. The “<b>wood”</b>
may be interpreted as the “<b>situation or
world”</b> of ours in our daily life. In our real life, we may get stuck into a
certain condition that forces us to do something that may be dilemmatic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>V.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Mode or Tone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
general the “<b>hesitation</b>” or “<b>doubt</b>” is the mode or tone that the
writer of this poem expresses. The poem implies the interpretation that
everyone may get into a certain hesitation or doubt when he/she faces certain
situation. Everyone has his/her own consideration when she/he has to make
certain decision. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer shows his consistency in showing the hesitation in his poem. Starting
from the first stanza up to the last one, still, the doubt mode dominates the
message of this poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>VI.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting
of the Time and Space<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
poem seems to bring the reader to such situation in which we are in a short
distance to a wood in a late afternoon. Then we stand there for a fairly long
time to think and rethinking of everything to do with each consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>VII.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
poem focuses on the theme of “<b>hesitation/doubt</b>”.
The writer shows and asks the reader to imagine when we are in a certain
dilemmatic situation. Then, in a short time we have to decide what to do or to
take.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here
the writer argues that everyone may get such a difficult situation in which<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">he/she
has to act/to do something. While, doing certain thing may cause another thing,
too.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer symbolizes himself in short distance to a wood where the road to take<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is
diverged. Then he is in doubt which one to travel. Taking the most travelled
one may not be as good as usual or as expected. Taking the other one which
seems to be rarely travelled by, may be better than the first one. Such
hesitating situation makes him get difficulty in deciding. However, finally he
takes the rarely travelled by, in the hope that it is better than the other. He
expects that it will be different from others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
this poem the writer would like to show that in our daily life we are often
faced by many dilemmatic situations that need us to be ourselves. Sometimes we
see that many people do many things that sometimes against the law and religion
as well as our feeling or heart. In such condition, sometimes we are forced to
do so. If we do not do so, we will be out of there. However, when we accept to
do so, it is not really what we want to do. So, sometimes we have to force
ourselves to d differently from others in order that we are not against our
deep heart feelings. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This
idea is expressed thoroughly by the writer in this poem. Starting from the
first stanza up to the last one, the writer is consistent to express this
message by having good choice of words and symbolization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>VIII.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rhyme<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The poem “The Road not Taken” is
classified as a “<b>Rhymed Verse Forms</b>”
one. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
repetition of sound is orderly can be felt and heard. The rhyme formula is <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“<b>a, b, a, a, b</b>”. The rhymes are as
follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Two roads
diverged in a yellow <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">wood</span></b>,<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And sorry I
could not travel <b><span style="color: red;">both</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And be one
traveler, long I <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">stood</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And looked down
one as far as I <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">could</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">To where it bent
in the <b><span style="color: red;">undergrowth</span></b>;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Then took the
other, as just as <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">fair</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And having
perhaps the better <b><span style="color: red;">claim,</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Because it was
grassy and wanted <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">wear</span></b>;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Though as for
that the passing <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">there</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Had worn them
really about the <b><span style="color: red;">same</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And both that
morning equally <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">lay</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In leaves no
step had trodden <b><span style="color: red;">black</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Oh, I kept the
first for another <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">day</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Yet knowing how
way leads on to <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">way</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I doubted if I
should ever come <b><span style="color: red;">back</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I shall be
telling this with a<b><i> </i><span style="color: #7030a0;">sigh</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Somewhere ages
and ages <b><span style="color: red;">hence</span></b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Two roads
diverged in a wood, and <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">I</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">--</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I took the one
less traveled<b><i> </i><span style="color: #7030a0;">by</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And that has
made all the <b><span style="color: red;">difference</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The rhyme good rhyme of this poem
has made it catchy to our lips and ears. It<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>makes
a good point of this poem. It can be seen that the rhymes have ordered<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>formulas.
This may affect understanding of the poem readers. In turn, it may help<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>the
readers understand better on the message of the poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>IX.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kinds
of Stanza<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In terms of the kinds of stanza forms,
the poem “The Road not Taken” is called<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>“Quintet”</b> (five lines)—it means that
each stanza consists of five lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Example:
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Two
roads diverged in a yellow wood, <span> </span>(1<sup>st</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And
sorry I could not travel both<span> </span>(2<sup>nd</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And
be one traveler, long I stood<span> </span>(3<sup>rd</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And looked down one as far as I could<span> </span>(4<sup>th</sup> line)<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To
where it bent in the undergrowth;<span> </span>(5<sup>th</sup>
line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
same thing happens to the second, third, and fourth stanzas in which each of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>them consists of five lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>X.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Criticism
and Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
general, it is a very good poem. In term of the total integration of the
material, this poem has had all in one. It means that the message going to
express is completely represented by the words in the poem itself. In different
words we can say that the poet has achieved the total integration of his
materials.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In
my view, this poem has made us realized what commonly happens in our daily
life. Life is life. Life sometimes makes us live in different way from our
selves/our feelings. Life sometimes makes us just like ordinary people, not
dare to be consistent to the value of life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">All
in all, I like this poem. The words choice and the rhyme make it catchy to our
heart and ears. In addition, the message of this poem is truly touched felling.
Furthermore, we may have ourselves understand the meaning of life because of
the message of this poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Last
but not least, the writer has a very good imagination in writing his poem. Je
imagine something to represent the meaning/what he intends to express. However,
it may results in different understanding and perceptions to the readers. Yet, it
is quite reasonable in case that there is difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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</style> <![endif]--> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Assessment of Students in Indonesian Context<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">By: Sukardi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To us, it seems to be common that students are identical to studying, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning, and assessment. When students have finished learning certain amount of learning materials in a certain amount of time planned, they have assessment in the form of either a test or other kind of assessment. Sometimes it is often heard the saying that the task of a student is studying and learning. Consequently they have to have assessment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Assessment is carried out to know and measure the result of the students’ learning. Having had learning for a certain amount of time, the students are assessed to know how much they have mastered the learning materials given by their teachers. This short writing tries to discuss about the assessment of students in Indonesian context which is done by the teacher, by the school/institution of education, and by the government.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The first one is the assessment done by the teacher. Teachers have two <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kinds of assessment based on its purpose. They are formative-assessment and summative-assessment. Formative assessment is done to “help” or “develop” students. It is also needed by the teacher to draw a conclusion on the strength and weakness of the individuals of the students. Such kind of assessment is usually done after the students have finished learning one or two basic competence. It is more popular known as a daily test. Summative-assessment is used to make a “summarizing” judgment of what students have learned or done. It is done twice in the half and in the end of the academic year. The test item covers all the materials learned by the students during the semester they have. It is usually called the semester final examination, the result of the which, combined with the score of the daily test are put in a book of report. The grade on the book report in the end of the academic year is used to judge whether the students are classified to be able to go the following grade or they must be stay in the same grade in the next academic year.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The second kind of assessment is the one done by the school/the education institution. It is the assessment done in the end of the last academic year of a certain level of education. It is called the school final examination. The result of such kind of assessment is so called the school examination grade which in turn is combined with the students’ grade on their national final examination used to judge whether are classified to be able to graduate from a certain level of education or not.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>The last one is the assessment done by the government. Based on the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">government regulation, it is commonly known as the national examination. It is done once at least and twice at most in an academic year. However, so far the government holds the national examination once a year. The purpose of the national examination is to assess/measure the achievement of the graduation competence nationally on certain subjects of science and technology. In the broader sense, the results of the national examination is utilized as the following considerations: a) mapping the qualification degree of a program/an education institution; b) the basis for enrolling the higher degree level of education; c) judgment on the students whether they can graduate from the institution of education or not; d) assisting and giving fund to the education institutions of education in developing their qualities.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Conclusion <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assessment is closely related to the students’ learning activities. In <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Indonesian context, there are some types of assessment done by the teacher, the institution of education, and the government each of which has its own purpose and mechanism in conducting it. The common assessment done by the teachers are so called formative and summative assessment. While the institution of education conducts assessment usually called the school final examination. The last is the assessment done by the government that is called the national examination.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">RUBRIC AND DESCRIPTOR FOR SPEAKING ASSESSSMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ASPECTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SCORE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">FLUENCY<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ACCURACY<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">PRONUNCIATION<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">COMMUNICATIVENESS<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Fluency:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4: The student is able to speak continuously without apparent hesitation/pause, the message<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>is clear.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3: The student is able to speak with few hesitations, but the message is still clear enough.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2: The student is able to speak with some hesitations, the message is unclear.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1: The student is able to speak with a lot of hesitation, the message cannot be understood.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Accuracy:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4: The student is able to speak with correct grammar and produces few mistakes and diction.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3: The student is able to speak with some mistakes in grammar and produces some<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>inappropriate diction.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2: The student is able to speak with a lot of mistakes in grammar and produces a lot of <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>inappropriate diction.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1: The student is able to speak with too many grammatical mistakes and inappropriate <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>diction, the message cannot be understood.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pronunciation:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4: The student is able to speak with correct pronunciation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3: The student is able to speak with few mispronunciations, but the message is clear.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2: The student is able to speak with some mispronunciations, the message is unclear.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1: The student is able to speak with a lot of mispronunciations, the message cannot be<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>understood. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Communicativeness:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4: The student is able to speak clearly and understandably, the message is grasped.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3: The student is able to speak with few intelegible me message.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2: The student is able to speak <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1: The student is able to speak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">RUBRIC AND DESCRIPTOR FOR WRITING ASSESSMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ASPECTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SCORE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ORGANIZATION/COHERENCE<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">CONTENT<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">DICTION<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GRAMMAR<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">MECHANIC/PUNCTUATION<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1-4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Coherence / Organization:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4: The student is able to develop a coherent and a well organized paragraph<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3: The student is able to develop a fair coherent and fair organized paragraph<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2: The student is able to develop a less coherent and less organized paragraph<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1: The student is able to develop incoherent and poor organized paragraph<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Content:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4: The student is able to develop a paragraph which is fully relevant to the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3: The student is able to develop a paragraph which is fairly relevant to the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2: The student is able to develop paragraph which is less relevant to the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1: The student is able to develop paragraph which is irrelevant to the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Diction:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4: The student is able to develop a paragraph with good diction/most of the words related to<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3: The student is able to develop a paragraph with fair diction/many words related to the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>topic <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2: The student is able to develop a paragraph with poor diction/some words not <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>related to the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1: The student is able to develop a paragraph with very bad diction/ many words not related <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>to the topic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Grammar: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4: The student is able to develop a paragraph which is grammatically correct<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3: The student is able to develop a paragraph with few mistakes in grammar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2: The student is able to develop a paragraph with many mistakes in grammar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1: The student is able to develop a paragraph with too many mistakes in grammar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Punctuation:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4: The student is able to write a paragraph with correct punctuation<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3: The student is able to write a paragraph with a few mistakes on punctuation<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2: The student is able to write a paragraph with many mistakes on punctuation <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1: The student is able to write a paragraph with too many mistakes on punctuation<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div></m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-52721076886458362502012-07-07T00:17:00.002-07:002012-07-07T00:17:39.282-07:00gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-77476568502539415292012-07-03T07:19:00.001-07:002012-07-03T07:19:31.224-07:00An Analysis of a Poem<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The Road Not Taken<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And sorry I could not travel both<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And be one traveler, long I stood<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And looked down one as far as I could<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">To where it bent in the undergrowth;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Then took the other, as just as fair,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And having perhaps the better claim,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Because it was grassy and wanted wear;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Though as for that the passing there<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Had worn them really about the same,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And both that morning equally lay<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">In leaves no step had trodden black.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Oh, I kept the first for another day!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Yet knowing how way leads on to way,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I doubted if I should ever come back.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I shall be telling this with a sigh<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Somewhere ages and ages hence:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Two roads diverged in a wood, and I--<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">I took the one less traveled by,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">And that has made all the difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">by Robert Frost<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An Analysis of a Poem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>“The Road Not Taken”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">By Robert Frost<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“The Road Not Taken” </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is one of<b> </b>Robert Frost’s popular poems. <span> </span>Robert Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874. He moved to New England at the age of eleven and became interested in reading and writing poetry during his high school years in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He was enrolled at Dartmouth College in 1892, and later at Harvard, though he never earned a formal degree. <b>“The Road Not Taken” </b>is a<b> </b>good poem for us to analyze and understand the message for there are many things special. The following is a short and simple analysis on it.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Meaning of Words<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The words used in this poem seem to show connotation. It means that what is<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">meant by certain words is not the meaning of words as they used literally.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Example:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Here the writer used word “<b>roads</b>”. It is not the roads in ordinary meaning as the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>roads where we usually walk. However, it is the “<b>mind</b>” or the “<b>decision to take</b>”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“Traveler”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is not just the traveler who walks on the road in ordinary sense. Yet, traveler refers to <b>“every/all of us/human beings”.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The word “<b>looked down</b>” which literally means looked down the road in the real context, but it means that the writer “<b>reconsidered</b>” what to do before decided what to do so. In this case the writer thought and thought again the god and the bad effects and side of what was going to do. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There are still other words that suggest the different meaning as the ordinary one.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Imagery <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The writer used the words in this poem to show the situation in a certain place near the wood. Then the roads diverged. After that he stops for a while and think in a hesitation what to do. He is in doubt which road to take. In deep breath, he thinks deeply about the consideration of each decision to take. Here the writer uses the image of such situation to describe that we may face such dilemmatic situation which forces us to decide what to do with each consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Poetic Comparison<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here the writer compares the diverged roads to the decision to take which may<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">cause certain results or consequences.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Then the writer also compares the wood to the world of life of ours. It is in the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>world of our life that we have to do something in a certain situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Where certain road we take, we will face certain inevitable condition or facts.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">That is life that we may be at certain risks because of certain decision we have <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">taken.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Symbol<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The symbol used in this poem relates much to the imagery of it. The words used in this poem symbolize certain meaning. Like the word “<b>road</b>” may mean that it is the “<b>idea in our mind”</b> to express or show. The “<b>wood”</b> may be interpreted as the “<b>situation or world”</b> of ours in our daily life. In our real life, we may get stuck into a certain condition that forces us to do something that may be dilemmatic.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>V.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Mode or Tone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In general the “<b>hesitation</b>” or “<b>doubt</b>” is the mode or tone that the writer of this poem expresses. The poem implies the interpretation that everyone may get into a certain hesitation or doubt when he/she faces certain situation. Everyone has his/her own consideration when she/he has to make certain decision. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The writer shows his consistency in showing the hesitation in his poem. Starting from the first stanza up to the last one, still, the doubt mode dominates the message of this poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>VI.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting of the Time and Space<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This poem seems to bring the reader to such situation in which we are in a short distance to a wood in a late afternoon. Then we stand there for a fairly long time to think and rethinking of everything to do with each consequence.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>VII.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This poem focuses on the theme of “<b>hesitation/doubt</b>”. The writer shows and asks the reader to imagine when we are in a certain dilemmatic situation. Then, in a short time we have to decide what to do or to take.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Here the writer argues that everyone may get such a difficult situation in which<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">he/she has to act/to do something. While, doing certain thing may cause another thing, too.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The writer symbolizes himself in short distance to a wood where the road to take<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">is diverged. Then he is in doubt which one to travel. Taking the most travelled one may not be as good as usual or as expected. Taking the other one which seems to be rarely travelled by, may be better than the first one. Such hesitating situation makes him get difficulty in deciding. However, finally he takes the rarely travelled by, in the hope that it is better than the other. He expects that it will be different from others.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In this poem the writer would like to show that in our daily life we are often faced by many dilemmatic situations that need us to be ourselves. Sometimes we see that many people do many things that sometimes against the law and religion as well as our feeling or heart. In such condition, sometimes we are forced to do so. If we do not do so, we will be out of there. However, when we accept to do so, it is not really what we want to do. So, sometimes we have to force ourselves to d differently from others in order that we are not against our deep heart feelings. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This idea is expressed thoroughly by the writer in this poem. Starting from the first stanza up to the last one, the writer is consistent to express this message by having good choice of words and symbolization.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>VIII.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rhyme<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The poem “The Road not Taken” is classified as a “<b>Rhymed Verse Forms</b>” one. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The repetition of sound is orderly can be felt and heard. The rhyme formula is <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“<b>a, b, a, a, b</b>”. The rhymes are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Two roads diverged in a yellow <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">wood</span></b>,<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And sorry I could not travel <b><span style="color: red;">both</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And be one traveler, long I <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">stood</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And looked down one as far as I <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">could</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">To where it bent in the <b><span style="color: red;">undergrowth</span></b>;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Then took the other, as just as <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">fair</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And having perhaps the better <b><span style="color: red;">claim,</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Because it was grassy and wanted <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">wear</span></b>;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Though as for that the passing <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">there</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Had worn them really about the <b><span style="color: red;">same</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And both that morning equally <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">lay</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In leaves no step had trodden <b><span style="color: red;">black</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Oh, I kept the first for another <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">day</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">!</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Yet knowing how way leads on to <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">way</span></b>,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I doubted if I should ever come <b><span style="color: red;">back</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I shall be telling this with a<b><i> </i><span style="color: #7030a0;">sigh</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Somewhere ages and ages <b><span style="color: red;">hence</span></b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Two roads diverged in a wood, and <b><span style="color: #7030a0;">I</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">--</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I took the one less traveled<b><i> </i><span style="color: #7030a0;">by</span></b><span style="color: #7030a0;">,</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">And that has made all the <b><span style="color: red;">difference</span></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The rhyme good rhyme of this poem has made it catchy to our lips and ears. It<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>makes a good point of this poem. It can be seen that the rhymes have ordered<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>formulas. This may affect understanding of the poem readers. In turn, it may help<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>the readers understand better on the message of the poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>IX.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kinds of Stanza<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In terms of the kinds of stanza forms, the poem “The Road not Taken” is called<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>“Quintet”</b> (five lines)—it means that each stanza consists of five lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Example: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, <span> </span>(1<sup>st</sup> line)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And sorry I could not travel both<span> </span>(2<sup>nd</sup> line)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And be one traveler, long I stood<span> </span>(3<sup>rd</sup> line)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And looked down one as far as I could<span> </span>(4<sup>th</sup> line)<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To where it bent in the undergrowth;<span> </span>(5<sup>th</sup> line)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The same thing happens to the second, third, and fourth stanzas in which each of<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>them consists of five lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>X.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Criticism and Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In general, it is a very good poem. In term of the total integration of the material, this poem has had all in one. It means that the message going to express is completely represented by the words in the poem itself. In different words we can say that the poet has achieved the total integration of his materials.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In my view, this poem has made us realized what commonly happens in our daily life. Life is life. Life sometimes makes us live in different way from our selves/our feelings. Life sometimes makes us just like ordinary people, not dare to be consistent to the value of life.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">All in all, I like this poem. The words choice and the rhyme make it catchy to our heart and ears. In addition, the message of this poem is truly touched felling. Furthermore, we may have ourselves understand the meaning of life because of the message of this poem.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Last but not least, the writer has a very good imagination in writing his poem. Je imagine something to represent the meaning/what he intends to express. However, it may results in different understanding and perceptions to the readers. Yet, it is quite reasonable in case that there is difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-58996013196156627002012-06-23T09:40:00.001-07:002012-07-03T07:36:36.232-07:00Critical Review 2<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Critical Review on “Language
Learning Styles and Strategies Language Learning Styles and Strategies” by Rebecca L. Oxford<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukardi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">English
Language Teaching (ELT) Department, Graduate School, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">State
University of Malang, Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Email:
skardi70@yahoo.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language
learning styles and strategies are among the main factors that help determine
how—and how well—our students learn a second or a foreign language. The
elaboration is that there is a synthesis of the research from various parts of
the world focuses on two key variables affecting language learning styles
namely one’s general approach to a learning language; and strategies, the
specific behaviors or thoughts learners use to en-chance their language
learning. These factors influence the students’ ability in particular
instructional framework (Oxford: 2001)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Learning
styles are the general approaches—for example, global or analytic, auditory or
visual—that students use in acquiring a new language or in learning any other
subject. Learning strategies are defined
as “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques—such as seeking out
conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult
language task—used by students to en-chance their own learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
relation to the statement above, the reviewer is eager to write a critical
review on “Language Learning Styles and Strategies” written by Rebecca L.
Oxford.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Rebecca L Oxford is a
Professor, Program in Second Language Education at<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">University of Maryland.
She finished her Ph.D degree from University of North Carolina in 1978. In her
career, she has got many awards in education and has published many books as
well as writes articles for journals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
his article, he elaborate clearly the terms so called<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">language learning styles
and strategies and how these two factors affect the language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning itself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This critical review is going to discuss what has Oxford
written and what the strength and weakness of his article. Eventually it is
going to be presented what should be considered and added related to the
similar article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BODY/SUMMARY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the early part of his article, Oxford explains what learning style is. Learning
styles are not dichotomous (black or white, present or absent), but generally
operate on a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">continuum or on multiple,
intersecting continua. In details he elaborate the kinds of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning styles based
on the following categories as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensory Preferences<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensory
preferences refer to the physical, perceptual learning with which student is
the most comfortable. They can be broken down into four main areas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Visual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Auditory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kinesthetic
(movement-oriented)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tactile
(touch-oriented)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Personality Types<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Personality
types, often called psychological type consist of four strands:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Extrovert
versus introvert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Intuitive
random versus sensing sequential<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Thinking
versus feeling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Closure-oriented/judging
versus open/perceiving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Desired Degree of
Generality<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It contrasts the
learner who focuses on the main idea or big picture with the learner who
concentrates on details. They are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Global
or holistic students <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Analytic
students<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biological Differences<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
are three types of students:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biorhythms—reveals
the time of day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sustenance—the
need for food or drink while learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Location—involves
the nature of environment: temperature, lighting, sound, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beyond the Stylistic
Comfort Zone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">By
providing a wide range of classroom activities that cater to different learning
styles, teacher can help L2 students develop beyond the comfort zone dictated
by their natural style preferences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
key is systematically offering a great variety of activities within a
learner-centered, communicative approach<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assessing L2 Learning
Style<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Using
written survey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">See
Reid (1995) for example of the survey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the following section he discusses learning strategies. Strategy—Greek word <i>strategia</i>—steps
or actions generals take for the purpose of winning war. Learning strategies
are specific behavior or thought processes that students use to en-chanceL2
their own L2 learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Generally,
the learning strategy use relates to style preferences. Without the teacher’s
interference, students use learning strategies that reflect their basic
learning styles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Conscious Movement
toward Goals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Strategies
imply conscious movement toward a language goal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A
strategy chain is a set of interlocking, related, and mutually supportive
strategies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Positive Outcomes from
Strategy Use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based
on the results of some uses of strategy, it is concluded that the use of
strategy in language learning give positive impacts on the results of language
learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
was no single set of strategies always used by good language learners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Strategy Instruction
Research<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Researches
were done on the application of strategy instruction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
most effective strategy instruction appears to include demonstrating when a
given strategy might be useful, as well as how to use and evaluate it, and how
to transfer it in to other related tasks and situations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Then he presents the
six main categories of L2 learning styles which cope the followings: 1) cognitive
strategies; 2) meta-cognitive strategies; 3) memory-related strategies; 4) compensatory
strategies; 5) affective strategies; and
6) social strategies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assessing Learners’ Use
of Strategies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Many
language learning strategies were invented<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
next findings were: L2 learning strategy use is significantly related to L2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning
motivation, gender, age, culture, brain hemisphere dominance, career<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">orientation,
academic major, and the nature of L2 task.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
last discussion is on the implications for L2 teaching. The implications for<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">classroom practice are:
a) assessing styles and strategies in the L2 classroom; b) attuning L2
instruction and strategy instruction to learners’ style needs; c) remembering
that no single L2 instructional methodology fits all students; and d) preparing
for and conducting strategy instruction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CRITIQUE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the introduction, the writer, Rebecca L. Oxford who is the writer of Language
Learning Styles and Strategies, provides all the aspects related to language
learning and strategies thoroughly. However, the reviewer thinks that there are
some missing aspects, namely: 1) the relationship and the role of the
techniques used by the language teacher and 2) the background of the learners
themselves, in terms of whether they are immigrant or not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This article does not relates the learning styles and
strategies of the language learners to the strategies and techniques that the
teacher. Related to that aspect, Young (1995:17) proposes that the teaching
strategies and techniques applied by the teacher may support the learners’
success in learning a language. There is no comparison and explanation what is
the success comparison between the role of the teacher’s strategies and the
learners’ styles and strategies in learning a language (English). In other
words, the reviewer proposes strategies and techniques used by the language
teachers in teaching the language should be discussed and compared their roles
in the language teaching to the</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">language learner styles
and strategies.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In addition, the writer of this article does not take
into account to who the language learners are. Walqui (2005) argues and
explains that who the learners are may affect on the success of their learning.
He focuses on helping English Language Learners (ELLs) succeed in mainstream
classes on understanding more about who they are and how their family
backgrounds can influence their success in school while this issue is not taken
into account at all in this article. In other words, the reviewer proposes that
the background of the language learners should be taken into account by the
language curricula designer in designing curricula for the language learners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Yet,
this articles presents thoroughly everything related to the students’ learning
styles and strategies. So, by having this article we may realize that every
language learner has his/her own style in learning English. So, the English
teacher should facilitate them to learn English in various techniques to
en-chance students learn better because they have the right styles of learning.
The general approach to learning language a language is comprehensively
discussed in this article. By understanding the two issues above, the language
learners can have their advantages for learning a language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
short, the this article may make us realize and consider the following items<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">which may be advantageous for us, as English
teachers:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Both
the language learning styles and strategies discussed in this article are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">obviously applicable in
learning a language. The better the language teachers understand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">and apply the theories
discussed in this article, the better may they the better they can serve<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the language learners
in teaching and learning the language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In general, this article has met the hope of the language
teachers and learners as <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the source of
information to be good doers in teaching and learning English. In order to make
the article more comprehensive, the writer may take into account the role of
the teachers in addition to the learning styles and strategies. By doing so, we
can have more <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">complete aspects, the
collaboration of the two sides of the language teachers and learners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Furthermore, the
information about the background of the language learners may be beneficial in
planning and conducting the teaching and learning activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In conclusion, the discussion in this article presented
by Oxford (2005) is basically<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the meaningful and
purposeful as well as advantageous for both the teachers and learners<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">of English.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Oxford, R.L. 2001.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Language Learning Styles and
Strategies. In Celce-Murcia, M (Ed.), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Teaching
English as a Second or Foreign Language. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Edition,<i> </i>(p.p. 359-366). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Boston: Heinle
and Heinle ESL.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Walqui,
A. 2005. Who are Our Students? In Amato, P.A.R and Snow, M.A (Eds),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <i>Academic Success for English Language Learners:
Strategies for K-12 Mainstream<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Teachers</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">. New York:
Pearson education, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Young,
M.W. 1996. English (as a second) Language Arts Teachers: The Key to<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Mainstreamed
ESL Student Success. <i>The English Journal</i>,
Vol. 85 No. 8 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(Dec.1996), p.p. 17-24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-42271477270885598142012-06-23T09:40:00.000-07:002012-06-23T09:40:05.592-07:00Critical Review 2<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Critical Review on “Language
Learning Styles and Strategies Language Learning Styles and Strategies” by Rebecca L. Oxford<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukardi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">English
Language Teaching (ELT) Department, Graduate School, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">State
University of Malang, Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Email:
skardi70@yahoo.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language
learning styles and strategies are among the main factors that help determine
how—and how well—our students learn a second or a foreign language. The
elaboration is that there is a synthesis of the research from various parts of
the world focuses on two key variables affecting language learning styles
namely one’s general approach to a learning language; and strategies, the
specific behaviors or thoughts learners use to en-chance their language
learning. These factors influence the students’ ability in particular
instructional framework (Oxford: 2001)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Learning
styles are the general approaches—for example, global or analytic, auditory or
visual—that students use in acquiring a new language or in learning any other
subject. Learning strategies are defined
as “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques—such as seeking out
conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult
language task—used by students to en-chance their own learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
relation to the statement above, the reviewer is eager to write a critical
review on “Language Learning Styles and Strategies” written by Rebecca L.
Oxford.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Rebecca L Oxford is a
Professor, Program in Second Language Education at<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">University of Maryland.
She finished her Ph.D degree from University of North Carolina in 1978. In her
career, she has got many awards in education and has published many books as
well as writes articles for journals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
his article, he elaborate clearly the terms so called<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">language learning styles
and strategies and how these two factors affect the language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning itself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This critical review is going to discuss what has Oxford
written and what the strength and weakness of his article. Eventually it is
going to be presented what should be considered and added related to the
similar article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BODY/SUMMARY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the early part of his article, Oxford explains what learning style is. Learning
styles are not dichotomous (black or white, present or absent), but generally
operate on a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">continuum or on multiple,
intersecting continua. In details he elaborate the kinds of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning styles based
on the following categories as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensory Preferences<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sensory
preferences refer to the physical, perceptual learning with which student is
the most comfortable. They can be broken down into four main areas:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Visual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Auditory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kinesthetic
(movement-oriented)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tactile
(touch-oriented)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Personality Types<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Personality
types, often called psychological type consist of four strands:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Extrovert
versus introvert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Intuitive
random versus sensing sequential<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Thinking
versus feeling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Closure-oriented/judging
versus open/perceiving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Desired Degree of
Generality<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It contrasts the
learner who focuses on the main idea or big picture with the learner who
concentrates on details. They are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Global
or holistic students <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Analytic
students<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biological Differences<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
are three types of students:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biorhythms—reveals
the time of day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sustenance—the
need for food or drink while learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Location—involves
the nature of environment: temperature, lighting, sound, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beyond the Stylistic
Comfort Zone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">By
providing a wide range of classroom activities that cater to different learning
styles, teacher can help L2 students develop beyond the comfort zone dictated
by their natural style preferences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
key is systematically offering a great variety of activities within a
learner-centered, communicative approach<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assessing L2 Learning
Style<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Using
written survey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">See
Reid (1995) for example of the survey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the following section he discusses learning strategies. Strategy—Greek word <i>strategia</i>—steps
or actions generals take for the purpose of winning war. Learning strategies
are specific behavior or thought processes that students use to en-chanceL2
their own L2 learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Generally,
the learning strategy use relates to style preferences. Without the teacher’s
interference, students use learning strategies that reflect their basic
learning styles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Conscious Movement
toward Goals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Strategies
imply conscious movement toward a language goal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A
strategy chain is a set of interlocking, related, and mutually supportive
strategies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Positive Outcomes from
Strategy Use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Based
on the results of some uses of strategy, it is concluded that the use of
strategy in language learning give positive impacts on the results of language
learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There
was no single set of strategies always used by good language learners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Strategy Instruction
Research<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Researches
were done on the application of strategy instruction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
most effective strategy instruction appears to include demonstrating when a
given strategy might be useful, as well as how to use and evaluate it, and how
to transfer it in to other related tasks and situations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Then he presents the
six main categories of L2 learning styles which cope the followings: 1) cognitive
strategies; 2) meta-cognitive strategies; 3) memory-related strategies; 4) compensatory
strategies; 5) affective strategies; and
6) social strategies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Assessing Learners’ Use
of Strategies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Many
language learning strategies were invented<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
next findings were: L2 learning strategy use is significantly related to L2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">learning
motivation, gender, age, culture, brain hemisphere dominance, career<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">orientation,
academic major, and the nature of L2 task.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
last discussion is on the implications for L2 teaching. The implications for<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">classroom practice are:
a) assessing styles and strategies in the L2 classroom; b) attuning L2
instruction and strategy instruction to learners’ style needs; c) remembering
that no single L2 instructional methodology fits all students; and d) preparing
for and conducting strategy instruction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CRITIQUE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the introduction, the writer, Rebecca L. Oxford who is the writer of Language
Learning Styles and Strategies, provides all the aspects related to language
learning and strategies thoroughly. However, the reviewer thinks that there are
some missing aspects, namely: 1) the relationship and the role of the
techniques used by the language teacher and 2) the background of the learners
themselves, in terms of whether they are immigrant or not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> This article does not relates the learning styles and
strategies of the language learners to the strategies and techniques that the
teacher. Related to that aspect, Young (1995:17) proposes that the teaching
strategies and techniques applied by the teacher may support the learners’
success in learning a language. There is no comparison and explanation what is
the success comparison between the role of the teacher’s strategies and the
learners’ styles and strategies in learning a language (English). In other
words, the reviewer proposes strategies and techniques used by the language
teachers in teaching the language should be discussed and compared their roles
in the language teaching to the</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">language learner styles
and strategies.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In addition, the writer of this article does not take
into account to who the language learners are. Walqui (2005) argues and
explains that who the learners are may affect on the success of their learning.
He focuses on helping English Language Learners (ELLs) succeed in mainstream
classes on understanding more about who they are and how their family
backgrounds can influence their success in school while this issue is not taken
into account at all in this article. In other words, the reviewer proposes that
the background of the language learners should be taken into account by the
language curricula designer in designing curricula for the language learners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Yet,
this articles presents thoroughly everything related to the students’ learning
styles and strategies. So, by having this article we may realize that every
language learner has his/her own style in learning English. So, the English
teacher should facilitate them to learn English in various techniques to
en-chance students learn better because they have the right styles of learning.
The general approach to learning language a language is comprehensively
discussed in this article. By understanding the two issues above, the language
learners can have their advantages for learning a language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
short, the this article may make us realize and consider the following items<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">which may be advantageous for us, as English
teachers:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Both
the language learning styles and strategies discussed in this article are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">obviously applicable in
learning a language. The better the language teachers understand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">and apply the theories
discussed in this article, the better may they the better they can serve<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the language learners
in teaching and learning the language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In general, this article has met the hope of the language
teachers and learners as <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the source of
information to be good doers in teaching and learning English. In order to make
the article more comprehensive, the writer may take into account the role of
the teachers in addition to the learning styles and strategies. By doing so, we
can have more <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">complete aspects, the
collaboration of the two sides of the language teachers and learners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Furthermore, the
information about the background of the language learners may be beneficial in
planning and conducting the teaching and learning activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In conclusion, the discussion in this article presented
by Oxford (2005) is basically<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the meaningful and
purposeful as well as advantageous for both the teachers and learners<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">of English.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Oxford, R.L. 2001.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Language Learning Styles and
Strategies. In Celce-Murcia, M (Ed.), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Teaching
English as a Second or Foreign Language. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Edition,<i> </i>(p.p. 359-366). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Boston: Heinle
and Heinle ESL.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Walqui,
A. 2005. Who are Our Students? In Amato, P.A.R and Snow, M.A (Eds),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <i>Academic Success for English Language Learners:
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Critical Review on “Reading for Academic Purposes: Guidelines for the ESL/EFL Teacher” by William Grabe and Fredricka L. Stoller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukardi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">English Language Teaching (ELT) Department, Graduate School,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">State University of Malang, Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Email: skardi70@yahoo.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Many have argued that in the past 15 years reading has been the most important academic language skill for second language students. Surveys on the reading for academic purposes have been conducted. In academic setting, reading is assumed to be the central means for learning new information and gaining access to alternative explanation and interpretations. In addition, reading provides for foundation for synthesis and critical evaluation skill (Grabe and Stoller: 2001). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Related to the information above which is closely related to the importance of reading for academic purposes, the reviewer would like to write a critical review on “Reading for Academic Purposes: Guidelines for the ESL/EFL Teacher. The article is written by William Grabe and Fredricka L. Stoller in 2001. William Grabe is a Professor of Linguistics at English Department of Nothern Arizona University. He holds his Ph.D degree on Linguistics from University of Southern California. He has a lot of professional backgrounds and administrative positions as well as has published many books and writes<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">articles on journals of language teaching. While Fredricka L. Stoller is Grabe’s colleague <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">at Nothern Arizona University.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">This article focuses on the reading theory and practice as they apply to academic context. They outline the central concepts underlying academic reading and their implications for instruction. Then, they highlight issues concerning with the development of reading curricula including the analysis of needs and choosing appropriate texts and materials. Eventually, they describe specific practices that build coherent and effective reading curricula.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">However, in the discussion, it is found out that some components have not been discussed the completion of all of the presentation. Despite of this fact, to the overall, the materials coped in the discussion have met the need of the practice of reading for academic purposes. To make it more complete, the components needed for completion may be added.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To comprehend more on the contents of the article and the strengths as well as the weaknesses of the article, here is presented the critical review of this article. It is done in order to get much more information on the contents of the article. It is important to do in order to have much more information to the ESL/EFL teachers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BODY/SUMMARY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Grabe and Stoller start his article by presenting the purposes of reading. In the academic setting, an EAP reading curriculum must account for how students learn to read for multiple purposes which at least include reading: a) to search for information; b) for general comprehension; c) to learn new information; and 4) to synthesize and evaluate information.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Next the writer discusses the definition of reading. The general definition of reading can be understood as taking general comprehension by drawing information from a text and combine it with information and expectations that the reader already has. However, a good way to understand reading is to consider what is required for a fluent reading.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>In the following part the writer write the general implications from research for reading instruction. The basic implications can be seen that EAP teachers can address the academic reading needs of their students by doing the followings:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Helping students build large recognition vocabulary<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Providing explicit language instruction<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Addressing the range of skills needed for successful comprehension<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Introducing students to discourse-organizing principles<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Helping students become strategic readers<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Giving students opportunities to read<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Making extensive reading and broad exposure to L2 texts a routine practice<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Motivating students to read<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Integrating reading and writing instruction<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Developing effective content-based instruction for authentic integrated-skill task<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The L2 readers and socio-cultural factors in learning to read is the next issue to <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">elaborate in this article. Due to the condition of L2 compared to the L1 readers there are some different facts of them, manly: a) the complexity of reading and corresponding; b) the different motivation; c) the different socio-cultural background; d) The different setting of ESL and EFL.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>There are at least six important goals that should be considered in planning any<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">extended <span> </span>EAP reading curriculum:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Conduct need analysis to interpret institutional goals and expectations for learning<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Plan (or fine-tune) reading curricula in the relation to specific goals, topics, texts,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">and tasks<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Select appropriate text materials and supporting resource<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Diversify students’ reading experiences<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Work with texts by means of pre, during, and post-reading framework<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Recognize the complex nature of reading through meaningful instruction <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CRITIQUE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>In the introduction, the writers of this article, William Grabe and Fredricka L. Stoller provide all aspects related to the guidelines for the ESL/EFL teacher in the reading for academic purposes. Yet, in this case the reviewer thinks that there are at least two main aspects that are not coped in this article. They are: 1) the time allocation needed for certain amount of curricula and 2) how to develop the reading comprehension in the reading for academic purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">This article does not present the allocation of time needed for certain amount of the curricula cope. The distribution of the time allocation should be integrated in this presentation as what Taillefer (2005:442) discusses in his report of research on reading for academic purposes. By having this component we may see and can plan what to do with our program on such issue. To make it clearer how much time is needed for a certain programs on the reading for academic purposes, it is suggested that a research is carried out.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>In addition, this article does not cope how to develop the reading comprehension on the reading for academic purposes. The ideas of the ways in developing the reading comprehension should be similar to the development of the ESL reading comprehension as Lenters (2004:334) proposed in reading instruction for young second-language learners. The steps of developing the reading comprehension of the readers in reading for academic purposes are indeed needed in order that we may get obvious steps and procedures in <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">developing the reading for academic purposes itself. By doing so, we hope that we can get<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">the best results and products in reading for academic purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To sum up, by having discussion, consideration, and judgment above, the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>followings are the conclusions that can be drawn:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Content-based instruction approach is designed to meet the effective academic reading instruction. In CBA to reading, one can assume that reading multiple sources of information will be the norm and that there will be many opportunities for meaningful extensive reading Technology can support the reading development—computer-based instruction. Addressing reading assessment is an issue that cannot be ignored. Teachers need to evaluate course and teaching effectiveness in addition to assessing student progress<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To the overall, though some elements of the discussion on the reading for academic <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">purposes have not been presented, however, all of the components to discussed in this article have met the need of the teachers’ guideline of English as a second or foreign language. Due to the facts that there have not been the discussions on the time allotment<span> </span>and the ways of developing reading comprehension in reading for academic purposes, so both of the elements mentioned above had better to be included in the discussion. By doing so, we may have more complete aspects or elements needed as guidelines in reading for academic purposes for ESL/EFL teachers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>To highlight the result of the simple discussion above, here we may say that the article presented by Grabe and Stoller (2001) have given comprehensive and adequate guidelines for the ESL/EFL teachers in relation to reading for academic purposes. The guidelines can be applied purposefully in the country of English as a second and foreign language.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Grabe, W and Stoller, F.L. 2001. Reading for Academic Purposes: Guidelines for the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ESL/EFL Teacher. In Celce-Murcia, M (Ed.), <i>Teaching English as a Second or<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span>Foreign Language. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3<sup>rd</sup> Edition<i> </i>(p.p. 187-203)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. Boston: Heinle and Heinle<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>ESL.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Lenters, K. 2004. No Half Measures: Reading Instruction for Young Second-Language<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Learners. <i>The Reading Teacher</i>, Vol. 58 No. 4 (Dec. 2004-Jan. 2005),<span> </span>p.p. 328-<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">336,(</span><a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20205486"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://www.jstor.org/stable/20205486</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">, accessed: 11/05/2012.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Taillefer, G. 2005. Reading for Academic Purposes: the literacy practices of British,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">French and Spanish Law and Economics students as background for study abroad.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span> </span><i>Journal of Research in Reading</i>, ISSN 0141-0423. Vol. 28, Issue 4, 2005, p.p. 435-<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4651.<o:p></o:p></span></div>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-85075205579649731162012-06-15T21:30:00.002-07:002012-06-15T21:36:12.140-07:00Concept of Language Learning<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Concept
of Language Learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> There are five main issues to
discuss concerning about the concept of language learning. They are psychological
approach to language and learning, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">development
of psychological perspective in language teaching: a selective review, methods
of second language learning and the concept of proficiency, learner factors,
and conditions of learning and the learning process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">14. Psychological approaches to language and
learning <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The approach of language learning is
discussed much in psychology because it talks much the relationship between the
language learner and the process of language learning. The process what happens
in one’s mind and brain when he/she learns a language is the concern of
psychology in language learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language
in psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The discussion of language in
psychology is elaborated in the followings: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Before World War I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The interwar period<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">After world War II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Skinner and Chomsky<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The study of language comprehension and
production<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Language acquisition in childhood<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
short, studying the language in psychology, psycholinguistics, later on dealing
with two main questions: What does it mean to know a language ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">How
does a child acquire a language?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
psychology of learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The psychological events to one who
is doing learning are approached in two main ways:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
theoretical and experimental study of learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Theories
are studied and applied in the forms of experimental study. A popular
experiment was done by Skinner with pigeon. It was well known as Skinner
operant conditioning and the teaching machine. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
empirical study of learning in individual setting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">It
studied what happened with one who learned a language and what were the
obstacle an difficulties faced by them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Concept
of learning in educational psychology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The psychology of learning commonly
refers to formal educational activities, mainly characteristics of the learner and individual differences among
learners (abilities, personality, attitudes, and motivation), different kinds
of learning, the learning process, and outcomes of learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In
terms of the learner characteristics, the frequent factors presented are the
influence of age and maturity on mental development and learning, the effect of
heredity and environment on abilities and achievement, specific aptitudes for
particular learning task, and the influence of home and community on motivation
and attitude.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The
different kinds of learning have been usually expressed in to three major
categories, they are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Conceptual and verbal learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Skill learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Affective and social learning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">All
the three categories above are used in defining the educational objectives.
They are more commonly known in term of the three categories: cognition, skill,
and affect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">To
understand the how the learning and the learning process, distinctions have
been introduced. One of them is the time-scale of learning. It may be different
the learning of infancy and adult. It may also be different the first learning
the first language and the second learning the second language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-66173639517901352832012-06-15T21:27:00.000-07:002012-06-15T21:27:03.700-07:00An Analysis of a Film "Gifted Hands"<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">An
Analysis of a Film <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>“Gifted Hands”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By
Thomas Carter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -108pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting
of Place</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>: The John Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Detroit,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 180pt; text-indent: 8.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychiatric Hospital,
Aristotele Epicteus<span> </span>Library, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 180pt; text-indent: 8.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Yale University<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting of Time</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>:
1961-1987<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A Socio-cultural Setting</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: A modern life. The film tells the
story of a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>successful neurosurgeon. Modern techniques of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>operation are applied by using modern health<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>equipment and tools.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Character and
Characterization<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Main Character</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr.
Ben Carson</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He is a well-known neurosurgeon who
has been successful in conducting operation to his patents.<span> </span>He likes classical music. He is smart. He is
an orphan. However, did not have good achievement when he was in the elementary
school. He was high-tempered boy. Yet he showed a high achievement when he was
in the Senior High School and in the University. He is the main character as
the whole film tells the life of Ben Carson. It tells his story when he was a
boy up to he becomes a well-known doctor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Supporting Character</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>:<span>
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sonya
Carson</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: She is Ben’s mother. She is a tough mother. She
struggles for her two sons. She is good in religion and she teaches her sons to
be faith to God.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Candy
Carson</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: She is Ben’s girl friend and later on becomes
Ben’s wife. She is smart. She helps Ben when they were in Yale University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Curtis</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
He is Ben’s older brother.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Peter
and Augusta Rausch</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: They are German parents of babies
of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">twins
conjoined at the head who asked Ben to have their babies<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">operated
safely.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are still many others supporting characters in this film, such as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>the director and the doctors the nurses of the
John Hopkins <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hospital,
the journalists, as well as Ben’s school mates etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Plot<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Exposition</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>:The story began in 1987 when Dr. Ben
Carson had <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">to
operate babies of twins conjoined at the head.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Complication</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
The problem started when Ben Carson is in an anxiety whether he<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>has to conduct the operation to the twins with
all the risks or not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The he searches for the references to
convince himself of what he<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>is going to do.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Crisis<span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>:The crisis happened when Ben conducts his operation to
the twins <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">of
conjoined head. The operation which took place for hours by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>stopping the work of the babies’ hearts makes
Ben and the parents <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>of the twins are in a very hopeless
condition, in much anxiety.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Falling Action</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
The operation finally succeeds. The twins can be separated and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">both are safe. <span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Resolusion<span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: Ben are congratulated by the director
of the hospital and his <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>colleagues. His mother and wife see and
welcome as well as <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>congratulate him. Then many journalists are
waiting for Ben to<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>have press conference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>This film applies the <i>close plot</i> in which the story finally closes at <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>the success of the main character. Everything
finally lasts in a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>happy ending.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>However, the film also applies the <i>flashback </i>where after the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>exposition it tells the past life of the
main character. Finally it goes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>back to the main story.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The middle of the film tells:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ben
when he was in his elementary school. He was not good at the subjects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Then
it is told about Ben’s teen life and when he is in high school. Next, <span> </span>we know Ben when he was in Yale University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">After
that the film tells about Ben when he applies for the job as a doctor at John
Hopkins Hospital. It is continued by Ben’s experience as a surgeon which is not
always interesting and exciting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Finally,
the film goes back to the early story on Ben’s duty to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">operate
the babies of twins conjoined at the head. It is finally <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 144pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">known
that Ben’s operation is successful. Both of the babies are <span> </span>saved. Everyone is happy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Point of View</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
The film applies the <i>Omniscient
Point of View</i> in which the <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">narrator/story teller
is outside of the work. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Symbol</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: Love, sadness, struggle, hopelessness,
the trust in God, happiness<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ben’s family live in the love of each other,
even he loves his <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>girlfriend then (becomes) his wife much.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ben’s mother is in deep sadness thinking
about him, so she<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>consults the psychiatric.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ben struggled for his success to be a good
doctor/surgeon. He<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>undergoes many bad experiences in his
struggle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Hopeless is undergone by the characters in
this film because of the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>challenging works done by Ben.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>As
his mother always teaches, Ben always trusts God. He has a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>principle that there must be a miracle because
of God. Even, in a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>very sad situation because he lost his babies
in his wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>pregnancy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Finally, what Ben does makes everything ends
in<span> </span>very exciting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>results. He succeeds as a neurosurgeon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tone<span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: Touching and deep trust in
God<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>What Ben underwent when he was in an
elementary school makes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>us feel touch because Ben always felt
ashamed because of his<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>friends action. In addition, Ben’ success
when he was in the Senior <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>High School and in the university also make
us touched because <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>No one thinks that Ben can be as successful
as that.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -90pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Theme</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: Family Life<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>This film specifically tells about the life
of a small <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>family
of Ben. It tells Ben’s life when he was a child up to he is a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>very popular neurosurgeon. There are Ben’s
mother and brother as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>well as Ben’s wife.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -90pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Message</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: We should do better than others and
the best to achieve our goals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>and we should
be in the best trust to God for He will gives his<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>miracle
to us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="9" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Comment</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: This story is written based on the
life story of Dr. Benjamin <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“Bennie” Carson. This
is such a film that may inspire us to pursue <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>our ideal, our goal in the life. It also
teaches us to be in high trust <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>to God. God does not sleep or even die. We
have to do our best,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>however, we have to realize that the final
decision is God’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>privilege. It is a very good film to watch
so that we can realize that<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>we are nothing compares to God.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>“<b>Gifted
Hands</b>” is used for the title of this film in order that <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>indicates the one (Carson), the owner of the
hands has a privilege <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>given naturally that whatever he does is
always done successfully, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>of course because of God. God gives
something special to him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="10" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>Summary/Synopsis<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
story tells us about the life a well-known neurosurgeon Dr. Ben Carson. The
film begins in 1987. Dr. Ben Carson is going to have a very risky operation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>He has patients of a couple, Peter and Augusta Rausch who
have twins conjoined at <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>the head. Ben realizes that operating such babies is at a
high risk because both will <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>be at risk. Usually one baby always dies in situations
like that. Ben agrees to do the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>the operation. Yet, he needs to wait for four months so
he can have a plan to save <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>them both.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>While Ben is looking into some of his books,
the film flashes back to the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>year 1961 where an 11 old Ben Carsen starts his life as
an African American child <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>of a single parent home. He failed in his grades at
school. Ben has an older brother, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Curtis. At the same time Ben’s mother has to check
herself to a psychiatrist<span> </span>to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>solve her mental problem. Ben’s mother sees that her
son’s success is hindered by <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>television, so she decides to schedule Ben’s time of
watching TV. Ben and his <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>brother shows great interest in watching quiz show. Ben’s
mother also asks them to <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>read books from the library. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ben wants to be a doctor in the future. His
mother tells him that it can come<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>true if Ben does his best. It turns out that
Ben shows much development in his study. However, he begins to show bad temper.
Ben almost hits his mom with a hammer and almost kills his best friend as a
teenager. His friend was saved because the knife Ben used hit the buckle of his
belt. Having done foolish things, Ben realizes that he cannot do anything on
it. He hastens to his room and cries for begging God’s forgiveness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ben became the top student in the
eighth grade. Then he got the third rank in his high school, and he got
scholarship to a college. In his medical school, he meets his girlfriend,
Candy. One day when he was in a hard struggle for his study, she helps him and
finally Ben passes of A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>In 1976, Ben Carson starts his work
at John Hopkins Hospital after having test and interview. Here he experienced
an operation not under permission and supervision which may risk his medical
carrier to save man’s life. In 1985 he saves a girl’s life of an operation to
cure her seizures. It is then showed in the film that finally Candy get her
pregnancy of twins. Yet, she losses the babies from blooding. It is known when
they get up in the morning in bed. Ben’s mother then moves in with Ben’s
family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The film, then, goes back to the
time when it began, in 1987. Finally Ben is sure about what to do in operating
the twins conjoined at the head. He can manage to do the operation
successfully.<span> </span>Then, God blesses the
babies and Ben. Both the babies are saved. Ben is successful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-8258006260741687242012-06-15T21:25:00.001-07:002012-06-15T21:25:36.195-07:00An Analysis of a Sort Story "A Grave Problem"<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An
Analysis of a Short Story<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span> </span>“A Grave Problem”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Written
by Teruko Hyuga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting of Place</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>:
The story takes places in Japan, Temple, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Home, Kimono Shop, and
in an Auto Repair Shop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting of Time</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: in winter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 180pt; text-indent: -144pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Socio-cultural
Setting</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>:
Modern society in which the people still hold the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 180pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>traditional
value and principles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Character
and Characterization<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Main Character</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mrs.
Hata</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He is the late Kizo’s wife. She is a tolerant,
permissive, and strong woman. She is the main character because she takes the
most part in the story. She is the protagonist character. She symbolizes the
right part of the side. She is patient and tough in facing all the problems of
her life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>Supporting Character</b><span> </span>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Priest</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He was a good one who worked in a traditional
temple. However, he became greedy. He was the antagonist character.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Haruo</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
<span> </span>He is Mr. Keizo and Mrs. Hata’s son. He
is young, smart, and diligent. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Masako</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
She is Keizo’s sister. Mrs. Hata got much help from her in facing and solving
the problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mr.
Akagi</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He is the owner of the kimono shop. He was Keizo’
friend who became unkind after Keizo’s death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mr</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. <i>Noma</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He is the owner of an auto repair
shop. He was also Keizo’s friend. He also became mean after Keizo’s death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Plot<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Exposition</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>: Paragraph 1 (the introduction of the
story). By reading the first<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>paragraph we know some parts of the story
includes the characters,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>
</span>I (Mrs. Hata), the priest. We also the places where the story <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>
</span>happens like in the temple and at home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>Complication</b><span> </span>: Started from the second paragraph, some
problems faced by <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Mrs. Hata. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>Crisis<span> </span></b><span> </span>:
The crisis happens when Mr. Nome directly wanted Hata to pay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>Falling Action</b>:
Mrs. Hata paid Mr. Noma some amount of money as it should be.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><b>Resolution </b><span> </span>: Almost at the end of the story we know
that finally Mrs. Hata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>realizes that everything has changed after
Keizo’ death. However, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span>
</span>she is persistent to face her life as it is. She is prepared for <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span>
</span>everything.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The writer’s story applies <b>Close Plot</b>. It is known that finally
Mrs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Hata, the main character realized that
everything has changed after <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Keizo’s death. Consequently, she has to be
able to face her life<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>problem
although it gets harder. Yet, her son, Haruo is always <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>withher mother, Mrs. Hata to face the
problems of their life <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>preparedly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>The story also applies the <b>Flashback </b>in which the writer presents<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>the
story stated by the events at present and later presents back the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span>happenings
in the past.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
writer presents the following events:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The preparation or plan made by Keizo
for his son, Haruo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">How Keizo passed away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">How Keizo was when he was still alive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" width="13" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Who and how Keizo’s friends when he was
alive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Point
of View: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The story writer applies <b><i>omniscient point of view </i></b>in
which<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>the narrator is outside the work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Symbol<span> </span>:<span>
</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Grave symbolizes the change and sadness of life.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>It is something that makes us feel sad and
in problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tone<span> </span>:<span>
</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">It presents sympathetic and ironical fact as well as
situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Theme<span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: Human
relationship <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>
</span>The relationship among the priest, Mrs. Hata, Haruo, Kimono’s <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>
</span>shop, Keizo’s <span> </span>friends etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Message</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span> </span>: We should realize that problems
may come anytime, anywhere,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.3pt; text-indent: 32.7pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>and to anyone because life is a problem even
when we die still we<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.3pt; text-indent: 32.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>cause problems to others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 75.3pt; text-indent: 32.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span>9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Comment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This short story has a very good coda
for us. Consciously or not, we have to<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">be always in an alert condition in our
life. We have to be able to learn everything in our daily life. Problems may
come to us anytime and anywhere. Life is a problem. Since we are alive, we must
be ready for problems. Because of the good moral value, this story is
appropriately appreciated, and learnt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 39.3pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mrs.
Hata was in a confusion when the priest of the temple where all her family<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">had been buried asked
her to move them to other temple. In case that she has not been able to move
them, she has to pay the priest 800¥. Mrs. Hata tried to get the amount of
money she needed. It was not a little amount of money for her to get. By
selling her kimonos she hoped that she could solve the problem. However, Mr.
Akagi, the kimono buyer gave her low price. Mrs. Hata agreed but she would take
the kimono back when she got money. A friend of Mrs. Hata, Masako took other
kimono and she got high price. By having enough money, Mrs. Hata and Masako
paid Mr. Akagi again and they took the kimono back. Then they went to the
priest to pay for the grave. They negotiated. After such a long bargain,
finally Hata paid the priest 550¥. In the evening, after dinner, Mrs. Hata
accompied Haruo, her , to fix the TV to the repair counter. Unfortunately, on
the way home, they got an accident. They took the broken car to Keizo’s best friend,
Mr. Noma, the auto repair shop owner, in the hope that they could pay the
expense in ease. However, to Mrs. Hata’s surprise, Mr. Noma asked her to pay
right at the moment. <span> </span>She paid Mr. Noma. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>Finally, Mrs. Hata realized that her life became harder
and more difficult after her husband’s death. To face her new condition of life
she had to be much tougher and stronger. Everything was out of her imagination
after the death of Keizo, her husband. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4425458507729255827.post-63264733402730057572012-06-15T21:22:00.001-07:002012-06-15T21:37:09.600-07:00Film Analysis "The Pursuit of Happyness"<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CACER%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">An
Analysis of a Film <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> “The Pursuit of Happyness”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By
Gabriele Muccino<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting of Place</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> :
San Francisco, Lodging House, Glide Memorial <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Church, a bus, Stock
Broker Office<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting of Time</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> :
1981-1987<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A Socio-cultural Setting</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : A modern life. Many people have modern
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">job
as stock broker. It indicates that the character lives in a modern life. In
addition, the use of modern health tool, a bone-density scanner machine also
indicates that the story took place in a modern life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Character and Characterization<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Main Character</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Chris
Gardner</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He is a salesman of bone-density
scanner machine. He is a smart, tough,
and hard worker. He is the main character because for all the time the film
shows much about him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Christophe</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">r</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">: He is Chris Gardner’s
son of five years old. He is also the main character as Chris Gardner. He is
full of understanding to his father’s condition. He is smart and strong in term
of his mental.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Supporting Character</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> :
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Linda</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
She is an employee of a laundry service. She is Gardner’s wife. She is
impatient. She is hard and bad tempered. She is the antagonist character
because she was always in the opposite opinion to Chris Gardner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Charlie</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
He is the owner of the lodging house where Chris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gardner
and his family live.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ralph</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
He is the owner of the lodging house where<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gardner
and his family live.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Deborah</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
She is another owner of a lodging house.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Driver:
</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The
taxi driver in which Chris Gardner got in. He got very angry to Chris Gardner
because he avoided paying for the taxi fare by escaping from the taxi.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> etc. (many other
characters.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> They are the supporting
character for they made the story<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> complete. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Plot<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Exposition</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> :The story began in 1981. There was a
small family of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Chris
Gardner, Linda, and a five year old boy, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Christopher, their son.
Chris Gardner was a salesman of a <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> bone density scanner
machine. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Complication</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
The problem started when Chris Gardner could not <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> afford enough money for
paying taxes, for their family’s <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> daily needs, day care of
their son.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Crisis </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> :The crisis happened when Linda, Chris Gardner’s wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">could
stand living in poverty, so she left Chris Gardner. Then, Chris Gardner received
a letter of obliging to pay taxes while he did not have enough money in the
bank. In addition, Ralph, the owner of the lodging house asked Chris Gardner to
pay for the rent or they had to leave the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">lodging
house. So, Chris and Christopher spent the night<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">in
the rest room.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Falling Action</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:In
his hopeless condition, Chris Gardner got <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">opportunityto
have training/work as a stock broker after<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> passing
the test without any salary in Dean
Witter <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Reonolds. The best
candidate would be the employee of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dean Witter. In such
condition, he was expelled by <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Deborah, the owner of
the lodging house because Chris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Gardner could not pay
for the rent. Chris Gardner and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Christopher stayed in
Glide Memorial without any fare. At<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> the same time, he maintained their life by
selling the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">broken
bone scanner machine. In order to get money to fix<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> the machine Chris Gardner sold his blood as a
donor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Resolusion</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
Having finished training, Chris Gardner was informed by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: 3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">the
officer of Dean Witter that he was accepted as the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: 3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">permanent
employee. He achieved his success as a stock broker. Eventually, Chris Gardner
established his own <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: 3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">stock
broker company, Gardner Rich. Success was his. He <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: 3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">could
sell some of his own company’s stake in 2006 and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> he could achieve millions dollar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Point of View</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">:
First-Person Point of View (<i>Limited Omniscient</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> The narrator/story teller is the doer of the
story. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Symbol</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Love, sadness, struggle, and
happiness<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>Gardner’
</b>love<b> </b>to his wife, Linda makes
him patient to<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> hear her curse and anger almost. He also
loves his son.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Gardner’s</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> life is full of sadness. He seems to be
always <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> in a sad condition because of his condition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
Gardner struggles</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> for his family and life. He <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> struggles for having a complete family but
fails. Linda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> leaves him. He struggles for better
earnings. He <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> struggles for his success in financial.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>At
the end of the film </b>it is known that Gardner lives <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> happily because he succeeds as stock broker.
His very<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> long effort and struggle comes to a happy
ending.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tone </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Touching and deep compassion<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Almost all the scene seems to be touching
and deep<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> compassion. The condition of Gardner who is
always<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> blamed
by his wife, the words of Gardner’s son of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> asking
why his mother leaves them really touch and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> compass us. In addition, the Gardner and his
son struggle <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> because of having no place/house to stay,
having no<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> money is really a very compassion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -90pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Theme</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Family Life<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> This film specifically tells about the life
of a small <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> family of Gardner with his wife and his only
son, Christ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Though in the middle of the story, his wife
leaves him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -90pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Message</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : We should do our best to achieve our
goals and we<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> should win
the battle and the struggle in our life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="9" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Comment</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> : This story is written based on the
true experience.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> It is valuable for everyone in building their
good<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> characteristics. We have to be able to learn
to be <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> responsible and well-trusted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> The word is typed “<b>happyness</b>” instead of “<b>happiness</b>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> It indicates and symbolizes that the
person/doer of the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> story
pursues the happiness in a very hard condition that <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> makes him get angry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> The word “<b>pursue</b>” is used for the title to show that the happiness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> is
chased in a hurry, very quick moment, no time to loss.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="10" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Summary/Synopsis<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">This
story is taken from a true experience .The story started in 1981. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A small family of Chris
Gardner with his wife, Linda and his five year old son, Christopher lived in
small apartment. Chris was a salesman of a bone scanner machine while Linda
worked for a laundry service. However, Chris could not make money as much as Linda
hoped because the machines are expensive enough for doctors to buy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Quarrel between Chris and Linda often happened when they
had much burden for daily life and for paying the apartment rent as well as
taxes. Chris also had to pay the fine of his careless parking. They did not
have enough money to pay. In the hopeless situation, Linda could bear the
poverty. She finally decided to leave Chris. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In his hopeless hope, still he had to face the problem
that Christopher and him had<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">to leave the lodging
house because Chris could not pay for the rent. Yet, surprisingly, Chris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">met a successful stock
broker. It made Chris want to be a stock broker too.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Chris got an opportunity to work/training for Dean Witter
Reynold, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a stock broker company
although without any salary. In the very difficult situation, again Chris was
expelled from his lodging house. So, he finally decided to stay in Glide
Memorial without any rent. At the same time, for the daily needs he only had to
be able the only broken bone scanner machine. To repair the machine, Chris sold
his blood for donor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Eventually, Chris was accepted as the permanent employee
of Dean Witter. Having made a lot of money on stock broker, Chris was able to
establish his own stock broker company, Gardner Rich. Later on, he was able to
sell his company’s stocks and made a lot of money. He had enjoyed his success
after a very long suffer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>gurusinauhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12299770644391444717noreply@blogger.com8